There is an increased interest in topologically nontrivial magnetic spin textures such as skyrmions and chiral domain-wall solitons, both from a point of fundamental physics understanding as well as potential technological interest in low-power memory applications. In order to control their behavior, it is necessary to understand their complex spin texture at the nanoscale. Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM) is a suitable technique for studying these systems due to its high spatial resolution and capability to simultaneously characterize magnetic texture and microstructure. In this work, we present the application of PyLorentz, an open-source software suite that we have developed, for quantitative image analysis of Néel-type skyrmions in thin-film heterostructures. PyLorentz enhances LTEM capabilities by enabling reconstruction of magnetic induction maps from experimental images, as well as simulating LTEM images using micromagnetic simulation data. We demonstrate this for simulated Néel skyrmions as well as experimental data from [$\mathrm{Pt}$/$\mathrm{Co}$/$\mathrm{W}$] multilayer heterostructures. We also show how simulation-assisted LTEM analysis is crucial for understanding these complex magnetic spin textures, in which the reconstructed magnetic induction map (seen in the LTEM images) differs significantly from the magnetization configuration.

中文翻译：

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通过模拟辅助的洛伦兹透射电子显微镜了解复杂的磁自旋织构

从基本物理理解的角度以及对低功率存储器应用的潜在技术兴趣，人们对拓扑非平凡的磁自旋纹理（例如，天rm子和手性畴壁孤子）的兴趣日益增加。为了控制它们的行为，有必要了解它们在纳米尺度上的复杂自旋纹理。洛伦兹透射电子显微镜（LTEM）由于其高的空间分辨率和同时表征磁织构和微观结构的能力而成为研究这些系统的合适技术。在这项工作中，我们介绍了PyLorentz（已开发的开源软件套件）的应用，该套件用于定量分析薄膜异质结构中的Néel型天rm离子。PyLorentz通过从实验图像重建磁感应图以及使用微磁模拟数据模拟LTEM图像来增强LTEM功能。我们将针对模拟的Néel天蝎子以及来自[$铂$/$\mathrm{有限公司}$/$\mathrm{w\; ^}$]多层异质结构。我们还展示了模拟辅助的LTEM分析对于理解这些复杂的磁自旋纹理至关重要，其中重构的磁感应图（在LTEM图像中看到）与磁化配置显着不同。