Understanding the community composition and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in agricultural ecosystems is important for exploring their potential for use in sustainable crop production. In this study, we collected rice root samples from upland rice fields under different agricultural practices in four districts of Bangladesh (Khagrachori, Rangamati, Chattogram, and Bandarban) to estimate the AMF colonization rate and to investigate the taxonomic diversity and community composition of indigenous AMF by high-throughput Illumina amplicon sequencing. The AMF colonization rates of the rice root samples ranged between 14 and 47%, and were positively correlated with the soil pH (4.58–5.93), suggesting that more AMF colonization is likely to form under slightly acidic conditions. This result suggests that AMF colonization rate in upland rice roots might be affected by soil pH; however, no significant correlation with soil available phosphorus contents was observed. In total, eight different AMF genera were detected by amplicon sequencing. Glomus and Paraglomus were found to be the dominant genera in all the regions, followed by Scutellospora, Acaulospora, Claroideoglomus, Diversispora, Gigaspora, and Archaeospora. Shannon’s diversity index and Pielou’s evenness were significantly higher in the Bandarban district than the other districts, whereas Faith’s phylogenetic diversity and richness showed no significant difference between the four districts. The beta diversities of AMF community composition based on the Bray-Curtis dissimilarities were significantly differentiated among the districts. The soil available phosphorus contents were significantly correlated with the AMF beta diversities between the four districts. This is the first study to report on the AMF community composition and diversity in upland rice roots and on how AMF communities are affected by the soil chemical properties in different locations in Bangladesh.

了解农业生态系统中丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）的群落组成和多样性对于探索其在可持续作物生产中的潜力至关重要。在这项研究中，我们从孟加拉国四个地区（Khagrachori，Rangamati，Chatterogram和Bandarban）不同农业实践的旱稻田中收集了稻根样品，以估计AMF的定殖率并调查土著AMF的分类学多样性和群落组成通过高通量Illumina扩增子测序。水稻根部样品的AMF定植率在14％至47％之间，并且与土壤pH（4.58–5.93）呈正相关，表明在弱酸性条件下可能会形成更多的AMF定植。这一结果表明，旱稻根部的AMF定殖率可能受土壤pH的影响。然而，没有观察到与土壤有效磷含量的显着相关性。总共，通过扩增子测序检测到八个不同的AMF属。在所有区域中发现Glomus和Paraglomus是主要的属，其次是Scutellospora，Acaulospora，Claroideoglomus，Diversispora，Gigaspora和Archaeospora。Bandarban地区的Shannon多样性指数和Pielou的均匀度显着高于其他地区，而Faith的系统发育多样性和丰富度在这四个地区之间没有显着差异。基于Bray-Curtis差异的AMF群落组成的β多样性在各地区之间存在显着差异。土壤有效磷含量与四个地区之间的AMFβ多样性显着相关。这是第一份报道旱稻根部AMF群落组成和多样性以及孟加拉国不同地区土壤化学性质如何影响AMF群落的研究。