In this paper, we review the emerging geographical literature dealing with large‐scale transnational real estate development projects (TREDs). Predominantly geared towards (often imagined) upper middle classes through eye‐catching and mixed‐use projects, the distinctive feature of TREDs is that they are facilitated by a formative transnational investor/developer. Based on a literature review and an analysis of fDi Markets data, we discuss the nature of TREDs, where they can be found, which actors and companies are mainly responsible for them, how they emerge and materialize (or not), and why they are so relevant in contemporary economic geography. It is argued that TREDs are both characteristic of and contribute to the rise of authoritarian urban development practices. We furthermore show that both fictitious and symbolic capital play a role and that real estate and geopolitical strategies are inextricably linked with one another. Given that interscalar dynamics between the main facilitators of TREDs are still relatively understudied within economic geography, we end with a call to develop more in‐depth perspectives on these matters.

中文翻译：

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21世纪的跨国房地产开发：什么，在哪里，谁，如何以及为什么？

在本文中，我们回顾了有关大型跨国房地产开发项目（TRED）的新兴地理文献。TRED主要通过引人注目的和混合用途项目而面向（通常是想象中的）上层中产阶级，TRED的独特之处在于它们由形成性的跨国投资者/开发商提供便利。基于文献综述和对fDi Markets数据的分析，我们讨论了TRED的性质，可以在哪里找到它们，哪些行为者和公司主要负责它们，它们如何产生和实现（或没有实现）以及为什么它们是在当代经济地理学中如此重要。有人认为，TREDs既是专制城市发展实践的特征，又是其发展的原因。我们进一步表明，虚拟资本和象征性资本都在发挥作用，房地产和地缘政治战略之间有着千丝万缕的联系。鉴于在经济地理范围内，TRED的主要推动者之间的标间动力学仍然相对未被研究，因此我们呼吁对这些问题提出更深入的见解。