ABSTRACT

Introduction: The cytokine storm is a form of excessive systemic inflammatory reaction triggered by a myriad of factors that may lead to multi-organ failure, and finally to death. The cytokine storm can occur in a number of infectious and noninfectious diseases including COVID-19, sepsis, ebola, avian influenza, and graft versus host disease, or during the severe inflammatory response syndrome.

Area covered: This review mainly focuses on the most common and well-known methods of protein studies (PAGE, SDS-PAGE, and high- performance liquid chromatography). It also discusses other modern technologies in proteomics like mass spectrometry, soft ionization techniques, cytometric bead assays, and the next generation of microarrays that have been used to get an in-depth understanding of the pathomechanisms involved during the cytokine storm.

Expert opinion: Overactivation of leukocytes drives the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines fueling the cytokine storm. These events lead to a systemic hyper-inflammation, circulatory collapse and shock, and finally to multiorgan failure. Therefore, monitoring the patient’s systemic cytokine levels with proteomic technologies that are redundant, economical, and require minimal sample volume for real-time assessment might help in a better clinical evaluation and management of critically ill patients.

摘要

简介：细胞因子风暴是由多种因素触发的过度系统性炎症反应的一种形式，可能导致多器官衰竭，最终导致死亡。细胞因子风暴可发生在许多传染性和非传染性疾病中，包括COVID-19，败血症，埃博拉病毒，禽流感，移植物抗宿主病或严重的炎症反应综合征。

涵盖领域：这篇综述主要侧重于蛋白质研究的最常见和众所周知的方法（PAGE，SDS-PAGE和高效液相色谱法）。它还讨论了蛋白质组学中的其他现代技术，例如质谱，软电离技术，细胞计数珠测定法，以及用于深入了解细胞因子风暴中涉及的致病机理的下一代微阵列。

专家意见：白细胞过度活化会驱动炎性细胞因子的产生和分泌，助长细胞因子风暴。这些事件导致系统性过度炎症，循环衰竭和休克，最后导致多器官衰竭。因此，使用冗余，经济且需要最小样本量进行实时评估的蛋白质组学技术来监测患者的全身细胞因子水平，可能有助于更好地评估和治疗重症患者。