The aim of the paper is to present how the interaction between the micro behaviours of individual families and the collective macro behaviour of the city of Pavia produced a unique historical phenomenon that, on the one hand, has amazed Italy and the whole world for its striking number of towers and on the other represents a clear example of urban housing unsustainability in the Middle Ages. In the paper, using a simulation software, the micro and macro effects of the accumulation of towers in the city of Pavia are shown. The study of the behaviour of collectivities has been a very complex subject of analysis and for this reason, a fascinating and interesting one as well. To understand, explain and, to a certain extent, control collective phenomena, the Theory of Combinatory Systems was recently formalized. This theory describes, interprets and simulates the most relevant collective phenomena and their observable effects. With the aid of a simple probabilistic combinatory automaton, we have simulated the dynamics of the formation of the towered town of Pavia, Italy, which is unique in all the world, as can be observed in the historical descriptions or by a visit to this ancient Italian town.

中文翻译：

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到今天为止，城市不可持续发展的历史实例令人震惊

本文的目的是介绍单个家庭的微观行为与帕维亚市的集体宏观行为之间的相互作用如何产生了一种独特的历史现象，这一历史现象一方面令意大利和整个世界震惊塔的数量以及另一个代表了中世纪城市住房不可持续性的明显例子。在本文中，使用模拟软件显示了帕维亚市塔楼堆积的微观和宏观影响。对集体行为的研究一直是一个非常复杂的分析主题，因此，这也是一个有趣而有趣的研究。为了理解，解释并在一定程度上控制集体现象，最近对组合系统理论进行了形式化。这个理论描述了 解释和模拟最相关的集体现象及其可观察的效果。借助简单的概率组合自动机，我们模拟了意大利帕维亚高耸小镇的形成动态，这在世界范围内都是独一无二的，从历史描述或参观这座古老古城中可以看出意大利小镇。