A model for a description of various fission fragment characteristics is proposed. The both nascent fission fragments consist of either the single-body or the two-body systems. The one-body fragment is a single nucleus, while the two-body fragment is the nucleus interacting with the \(\alpha \)-particle. The \(\alpha \)-particle have its origin to the neck nucleons. The yield of fission fragments in the model is linked to the number of states over the barrier of the saddle point, which is between the contacting and well-separated fission fragments. The crucial role of the three-body (nucleus-\(\alpha \)-nucleus) systems at a passing through the saddle point is shown. After passing the saddle point, the \(\alpha \)-particle is fusing with the nearest nucleus and forming the final fragment, because the distance between the nucleus and \(\alpha \)-particle is smaller the barrier distance of the \(\alpha \)-nucleus potential. As a result, the binary fission is realized in the framework of the model. If the \(\alpha \)-particle is not fusing with the any fragment than the ternary fission occurs. The mass dependencies of the fragments yield, the kinetic energy and neutron emission number emitted by fragment calculated in the model agree well with available experimental data for binary fission of \(^{235}\)U by thermal and 14 MeV neutrons. The root mean deviation between theoretical and experimental values of the decimal logarithm of nuclide yields for the fission of \(^{235}\)U by thermal and 14 MeV neutrons are 0.756 and 1.02, respectively. The values of the ground-state quadrupole deformation of neutron-rich nuclei related to the fragments are estimated.

提出了描述各种裂变碎片特征的模型。两个新生裂变碎片均由单体或双体系统组成。单体片段是单个核，而双体片段是与\（\ alpha \）-粒子相互作用的核。该\（\阿尔法\） -粒子都有它的起源到脖子核子。模型中裂变碎片的产量与鞍点势垒上的状态数相关，该点位于接触的和分离良好的裂变碎片之间。显示了三体（原子核\\（\ alpha \）-核）系统在穿过鞍点时的关键作用。通过鞍点后，\（\ alpha \）-粒子与最近的原子核融合并形成最终片段，因为原子核与\（\ alpha \）-粒子之间的距离更小\（\ alpha \）-原子核的势垒距离。结果，在该模型的框架内实现了二元裂变。如果\（\ alpha \）-粒子未与任何片段融合，则发生三元裂变。在模型中计算出的碎片产量，碎片产生的动能和中子发射数的质量相关性与\（^ {235} \）的二元裂变的可用实验数据非常吻合通过热和14 MeV中子产生U。通过热中子和14 MeV中子对\（^ {235} \） U的裂变，核素产率的十进制对数的理论值与实验值之间的均方根差分别为0.756和1.02。估算与碎片有关的富中子核的基态四极变形值。