NASA’s Mars 2020 (M2020) rover mission includes a suite of sensors to monitor current environmental conditions near the surface of Mars and to constrain bulk aerosol properties from changes in atmospheric radiation at the surface. The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) consists of a set of meteorological sensors including wind sensor, a barometer, a relative humidity sensor, a set of 5 thermocouples to measure atmospheric temperature at ∼1.5 m and ∼0.5 m above the surface, a set of thermopiles to characterize the thermal IR brightness temperatures of the surface and the lower atmosphere. MEDA adds a radiation and dust sensor to monitor the optical atmospheric properties that can be used to infer bulk aerosol physical properties such as particle size distribution, non-sphericity, and concentration. The MEDA package and its scientific purpose are described in this document as well as how it responded to the calibration tests and how it helps prepare for the human exploration of Mars. A comparison is also presented to previous environmental monitoring payloads landed on Mars on the Viking, Pathfinder, Phoenix, MSL, and InSight spacecraft.

NASA 的火星 2020 (M2020) 漫游车任务包括一套传感器，用于监测火星表面附近当前的环境条件，并限制火星表面大气辐射变化带来的大量气溶胶特性。火星环境动力学分析仪（MEDA）由一组气象传感器组成，包括风传感器、气压计、相对湿度传感器、一组 5 个热电偶（用于测量地表以上 ∼1.5 m 和 ∼0.5 m 处的大气温度）、一组热电堆来表征表面和低层大气的热红外亮度温度。 MEDA 添加了辐射和灰尘传感器来监测光学大气特性，可用于推断大量气溶胶物理特性，例如粒径分布、非球形度和浓度。本文件描述了 MEDA 包及其科学目的，以及它如何响应校准测试以及它如何帮助为人类探索火星做好准备。还与之前在 Viking、Pathfinder、Phoenix、MSL 和 InSight 航天器上登陆火星的环境监测有效载荷进行了比较。