The vulnerability of global positioning system (GPS) receivers to jammers is a major concern owing to the extremely weak received signal power of GPS. Researches have been conducted on a variety of antenna array techniques to be used as countermeasures to GPS jammers, and their antijamming performance is known to be greater than that of single antenna methods. However, the application of antenna arrays remains limited because of their size, cost, and computational complexity. This article proposes and experimentally validates a novel space-time-polarization-domain adaptive processing for a single-element dual-polarized antenna (STPAPS) by focusing on the polarization diversity of a dual-polarized antenna. The mathematical models of arbitrarily polarized signals received by the dual-polarized antenna are derived, and an appropriate constraint matrix for dual-polarized-antenna-based GPS antijam is suggested. To reduce the computational complexity of the constraint matrix approach, the eigenvector constraint design scheme is adopted. The performance of STPAPS is quantitively and qualitatively evaluated through experiments as follows. First, the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N 0 ) of STPAPS under synthetic jamming is demonstrated to be higher than that of the previous minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) or minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) based dual-polarized-antenna methods. Second, the strengths and weaknesses of STPAPS are qualitatively compared with those of the previous single-element dual-polarized-antenna methods that are not based on the MMSE or MVDR algorithms. Finally, the characteristics of STPAPS (in terms of the directions and polarizations of the GPS and jamming signals) are compared with those of the conventional two-element single-polarized-antenna array method, which has the same degree of freedom as that of STPAPS. This is a GPS L1 C/A-code proof-of-concept study, although STPAPS will extend to higher chipping-rate modernized global navigation satellite system signals.

中文翻译：

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利用极化分集的单天线 GPS 抗干扰方法


由于 GPS 接收信号功率极弱，全球定位系统 (GPS) 接收器容易受到干扰器的影响是一个主要问题。人们已经对多种用于对抗 GPS 干扰器的天线阵列技术进行了研究，并且已知其抗干扰性能优于单天线方法。然而，由于天线阵列的尺寸、成本和计算复杂性，其应用仍然受到限制。本文通过关注双极化天线的极化分集，提出并实验验证了一种新颖的单元件双极化天线（STPAPS）时空极化域自适应处理。推导了双极化天线接收任意极化信号的数学模型，并提出了基于双极化天线的GPS抗干扰的合适约束矩阵。为了降低约束矩阵方法的计算复杂度，采用特征向量约束设计方案。通过如下实验对 STPAPS 的性能进行定量和定性评估。首先，STPAPS在合成干扰下的载噪比（C/N 0 ）被证明高于之前基于最小均方误差（MMSE）或最小方差无失真响应（MVDR）的双- 极化天线方法。其次，定性地比较了 STPAPS 与之前不基于 MMSE 或 MVDR 算法的单元件双极化天线方法的优缺点。 最后，将STPAPS的特性（GPS和干扰信号的方向和极化方面）与传统的两元件单极化天线阵列方法进行比较，后者具有与STPAPS相同的自由度。这是一项 GPS L1 C/A 代码概念验证研究，尽管 STPAPS 将扩展到更高码片率的现代化全球导航卫星系统信号。