Containers emerged as a lightweight alternative to virtual machines that offer better microservice architecture support. They are widely used by organizations to deploy their increasingly diverse workloads derived from modern applications such as big data, IoT, and edge/fog computing in either proprietary clusters or private, public cloud data centers. With the growing interest in container-based virtualization technologies, the requirement to explore the deployment and orchestration of clusters of containers has become a central research problem. Although progress has been made to study containerization, systematic consolidation of the existing literature with a summative evaluation is still missing. To fill this gap, in this paper, we first taxonomically classify the existing research studies on the performance comparison between hypervisor and container technology and then analyze state-of-the-art for container cluster management orchestration systems, its performance monitoring tools, and finally future research trends. This results in a better understanding of container technology with attention to provide summative analysis in terms of (i) how much performance overhead is generated by a hypervisor compared to container-based virtualization, (ii) which container technology is suited for a cloud application deployment based on the type of benchmark executing, (iii) how to provide management of containers deployed in a cluster environment, (iv) container performance monitoring tools, and (v) finally emerging concerns for future research directions.

容器的出现是对虚拟机的一种轻量级替代，它提供了更好的微服务架构支持。它们被组织广泛使用，以在专有集群或私有，公共云数据中心中部署从现代应用程序衍生的日益多样化的工作负载，例如大数据，IoT和边缘/雾计算。随着对基于容器的虚拟化技术的兴趣日益浓厚，探索容器集群的部署和编排的需求已成为研究的中心问题。尽管在研究集装箱化方面已取得进展，但仍缺乏对现有文献进行系统性综合和总结性评估的方法。为了填补这一空白，在本文中，我们首先按照分类将现有的有关虚拟机管理程序和容器技术之间的性能比较的研究分类，然后分析容器集群管理业务流程系统的最新技术，其性能监控工具以及最终的未来研究趋势。这样可以更好地理解容器技术，并提供以下方面的汇总分析：（i）虚拟机管理程序与基于容器的虚拟化相比产生了多少性能开销；（ii）哪种容器技术适合于云应用程序部署基于执行基准测试的类型，（iii）如何提供对集群环境中部署的容器的管理，（iv）容器性能监视工具，以及（v）最终出现了对未来研究方向的关注。