Mountain wave and icing episodes are adverse meteorological conditions that can affect aviation safety and air traffic management in the vicinity of airports. This study presents a mountain wave characterization performed for the winter months from 2001 to 2010 in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, close to an important orographic barrier and next to the busiest Spanish airport. Sixty-eight episodes were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). Five simulated atmospheric variables (wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric stability, liquid water content and temperature) were evaluated in several grid points at 2800 meters above sea level in leeward, windward and over the summit of the mountains. Based on the percentiles and thresholds obtained from the characterization, a decision tree was developed with the aim to forecast and warn the occurrence of mountain waves, wave clouds and icing events. The decision tree and the three warning methods were validated against satellite images. The results show satisfactory scores, with a percentage correct of detection above 70% for the three warnings.

山浪和结冰事件是不利的气象条件，可能会影响机场附近的航空安全和空中交通管理。这项研究显示了2001年至2010年冬季在伊比利亚半岛中心地区进行的山波表征，该地形靠近重要的地形障碍并且紧邻最繁忙的西班牙机场。使用天气研究和预报模型（WRF）对68个事件进行了模拟。在海拔2800米的背风，上风和山顶上的几个网格点中，评估了五个模拟的大气变量（风向，风速，大气稳定性，液态水含量和温度）。根据从表征获得的百分位数和阈值，开发了决策树，旨在预测和警告山浪，波云和结冰事件的发生。针对卫星图像验证了决策树和三种警告方法。结果显示出令人满意的分数，三个警告的检测正确率均在70％以上。