Thermal refuges are thermally distinct riverscape features used by aquatic organisms during unfavourable thermal events, facilitating resilience in marginal environments. However, the thermal refuge concept is nebulous, and the often interchangeable use of the term ‘thermal refugia’ creates additional ambiguity. We argue that lexical differences resulting from divergent scholarly trainings hinder holistic understanding of thermal refuges; thus, existing studies would benefit from a structured framework for thermal refuge conceptualization. Herein, we articulate an ecohydrological typology for defining and characterizing thermal refuges in streams and rivers by identifying key hydrological and thermal characteristics and variations in ecological function described in the literature. We use concepts that are easily definable, measurable and transferable across disciplines, riverscapes and species to discriminate among thermal refuge types. Future work can use our typology as a basis for more informed interdisciplinary discussion and interpretation of thermal refuges' role in riverscapes through more hypothesis-driven research and conservation-focused management.

中文翻译：

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溪流和河流热避难所的生态水文类型学

热避难所是水生生物在不利的热事件期间使用的热力独特的河流景观特征，有助于边缘环境的恢复。然而，热避难所的概念是模糊的，并且术语“热避难所”的经常互换使用造成了额外的歧义。我们认为，不同的学术训练导致的词汇差异阻碍了对热避难所的整体理解；因此，现有的研究将受益于热避难概念化的结构化框架。在此，我们通过识别文献中描述的关键水文和热特征以及生态功能的变化，阐明了用于定义和表征溪流和河流中的热避难所的生态水文类型学。我们使用易于定义的概念，可测量和跨学科、河流景观和物种转移，以区分热避难类型。未来的工作可以使用我们的类型学作为基础，通过更多假设驱动的研究和以保护为重点的管理，对热避难所在河流景观中的作用进行更明智的跨学科讨论和解释。