A progressive freeze concentration (PFC) process was applied to treat several waters where clean ice was generated one-dimensionally, and salt and impurities concentrate into the liquid phase. The impact of eight process parameters on salt percent removal and ice percent recovery were investigated. They were coolant temperature, stirring rate, advance speed of crystallizer, feed solution concentration, feed solution temperature, ice seeding, crystallizer material, and mixing flow pattern. The significant process parameters found were stirring rate, coolant temperature, and feed solution concentration. Temperature difference between feed solution temperature and coolant temperature is important in minimizing supercooling which has a negative effect on treatment. For example, our results showed a temperature difference of 10 °C for a feed solution temperature of 2.5 °C were needed to minimize supercooling. Salt percent removal was found to be directly related to while ice percent recovery was inversely related to the stirring rate. Treatment of an artificial seawater (salinity 35.67 g/L) and a RO brine concentrate (salinity 2600 mg/L) resulted in 51% and 70% ice percent recovery and 74% and 97.7% salt percent removal, respectively. An application of the PFC process includes brine concentrate treatment for inland desalination plants.

渐进式冷冻浓缩（PFC）工艺用于处理几种一维生成清洁冰的水，盐和杂质浓缩成液相。研究了八个工艺参数对盐去除率和冰回收率的影响。它们是冷却剂温度，搅拌速度，结晶器的前进速度，进料溶液浓度，进料溶液温度，冰晶种，结晶器材料和混合流型。发现的重要工艺参数是搅拌速率，冷却液温度和进料溶液浓度。进料溶液温度和冷却剂温度之间的温差对于最小化过冷非常重要，这会对处理产生负面影响。例如，我们的结果表明，为使​​过冷度降至最低，进料溶液温度为2.5°C时，温度差为10°C。发现除盐百分率与搅拌率直接相关，而冰百分率的回收率与搅拌速率成反比。处理人工海水（盐度为35.67 g / L）和RO盐水浓缩物（盐度为2600 mg / L）分别可回收51％和70％的冰百分比，以及74％和97.7％的盐去除率。PFC工艺的应用包括内陆海水淡化厂的盐水浓缩处理。67 g / L）和RO盐水浓缩物（盐度2600 mg / L）分别回收了51％和70％的冰，以及74％和97.7％的除盐。PFC工艺的应用包括内陆海水淡化厂的盐水浓缩处理。67 g / L）和RO盐水浓缩物（盐度2600 mg / L）分别回收了51％和70％的冰，以及74％和97.7％的除盐。PFC工艺的应用包括内陆海水淡化厂的盐水浓缩处理。