Mindfulness attracted increased research interests in the last decade, reporting an overall beneficial effect of this practice on cognitive performances. Nevertheless, recently a possible detrimental impact of mindfulness has been underlined. While the effect of mindfulness on memory remains under-explored, recent studies have observed an increased false-memory susceptibility after mindfulness practice. A possible explanatory mechanism has been suggested, related to the nature of the studied material. For semantically related information, mindfulness would increase false memories; however, the addition of rich perceptual information could prevent this detrimental effect. The present study aimed to verify this hypothesis by testing the impact of state mindfulness induced by a short meditation session, and dispositional mindfulness on the production of false memory for pictorial material presented in a complex virtual environment. We employed a virtual reality version of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm (DRM), a classical protocol to induce false memories. Contrary to previous studies, we did not observe any effect of mindfulness on false or correct memories (free recall and recognition) after a short mindfulness practice session compared to a control condition. Nonetheless, we found a beneficial effect of mindfulness practice on memory sensitivity. Additionally, we reported a positive and negative effect of dispositional mindfulness on memory outcomes. While the Non-Reactivity facet was associated with overall better memory performances, we observed an association between the Acting with Awareness facet and an increased recollection of lures. We discuss these findings in line with a recent proposal on the link between mindfulness and episodic memory.

在过去十年中，正念吸引了越来越多的研究兴趣，报告了这种做法对认知表现的总体有益影响。然而，最近人们强调了正念可能产生的有害影响。虽然正念对记忆的影响仍未得到充分探索，但最近的研究观察到正念练习后错误记忆的敏感性增加。已经提出了一种可能的解释机制，与所研究材料的性质有关。对于语义相关的信息，正念会增加错误记忆；然而，添加丰富的感知信息可以防止这种不利影响。本研究旨在通过测试由短暂冥想引起的状态正念的影响来验证这一假设，对在复杂的虚拟环境中呈现的图片材料产生虚假记忆的性格正念。我们采用了 Deese-Roediger-McDermott 范式 (DRM) 的虚拟现实版本，这是一种诱导错误记忆的经典协议。与之前的研究相反，与对照条件相比，在短暂的正念练习后，我们没有观察到正念对错误或正确记忆（自由回忆和识别）的任何影响。尽管如此，我们发现正念练习对记忆敏感性有有益的影响。此外，我们报告了性格正念对记忆结果的积极和消极影响。虽然非反应性方面与整体更好的记忆性能有关，我们观察到有意识的行动方面与对诱饵的回忆增加之间存在关联。我们根据最近关于正念与情景记忆之间联系的提议来讨论这些发现。