The current study systematically tested the incremental and interactive associations of parental depression, parental attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and child behavior problems, as related to parenting in families of children with ADHD. Participants were 213 children with ADHD (age M(SD) = 8.58(1.55); 69% male), who each took part in the study with one parent (age M(SD) = 41.13(6.03); 10% male). Parents self-reported their own depressive and ADHD symptoms. Positive (e.g., being involved, praising the child) and negative (e.g., being over-reactive, criticizing the child) parenting behaviors were self-reported by parents and observed in an interaction task with the child. Children’s oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and ADHD behavior problems were reported by parents and teachers. Results revealed that parental depressive symptoms were associated with more self-reported negative and less self-reported positive parenting after adjusting for parental ADHD symptoms and child behavior problems. Parental ADHD symptoms were associated with more self-reported negative parenting after adjusting for child behavior problems, but not incrementally over parental depressive symptoms. An interaction effect was found, where parental ADHD symptoms were associated with more self-reported negative parenting when depressive symptoms were low. Parental psychopathology was not associated with observations of parenting. Regarding child behavior problems, only child ODD behavior was associated with more self-reported negative parenting, and no interactions between parent and child psychopathology were associated with parenting behavior. Future research, assessment, and treatment of families with children with ADHD should consider both types of parental psychopathology, and their potential interaction, alongside the contribution of child ODD behavior.

当前的研究系统地测试了父母抑郁症，父母注意力不足/多动障碍（ADHD）和儿童行为问题与ADHD儿童家庭育儿相关的增量和互动关联。参与者是213名ADHD儿童（M（SD）  = 8.58（1.55）； 69％男性），每名儿童都与一名父母（M（SD）岁）一起参加了研究。 = 41.13（6.03）; 10％的男性）。父母会自我报告自己的抑郁和多动症症状。父母自我报告了积极的（例如，参与，称赞孩子）和消极的（例如，过度反应，批评孩子）父母行为，并在与孩子的互动任务中观察到。家长和老师报告了儿童的对立违抗性障碍（ODD）和多动症行为问题。结果显示，在调整了父母的ADHD症状和儿童行为问题之后，父母的抑郁症状与更多的自我报告的负向和更少的自我报告的正向育儿相关。调整儿童行为问题后，父母的ADHD症状与更多的自我报告的负面育儿相关，但与父母的抑郁症状无关。发现有相互作用的作用，当抑郁症状较低时，父母多动症的症状与更多自我报告的负父母育儿有关。父母的心理病理学与育儿的观察结果无关。关于儿童行为问题，只有儿童ODD行为与更多自我报告的负父母育儿有关，而父母与孩子心理病理学之间的互动与父母行为无关。未来对患有ADHD的儿童的家庭进行的研究，评估和治疗应同时考虑父母的心理病理类型及其潜在的相互作用，以及儿童ODD行为的贡献。关于儿童行为问题，只有儿童ODD行为与更多自我报告的负父母育儿有关，而父母与孩子心理病理学之间的互动与父母行为无关。未来对患有ADHD的儿童的家庭进行的研究，评估和治疗应同时考虑父母的心理病理类型及其潜在的相互作用，以及儿童ODD行为的贡献。关于儿童行为问题，只有儿童ODD行为与更多自我报告的负父母育儿有关，而父母与孩子心理病理学之间的互动与父母行为无关。未来对患有ADHD的儿童的家庭进行的研究，评估和治疗应同时考虑父母的心理病理类型及其潜在的相互作用，以及儿童ODD行为的贡献。