ABSTRACT

This article reassesses Nicolae Ceaușescu’s relations with Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization in the first years after their first contact in 1972. Romania pursued an active policy in the Middle East conflict from 1967 onwards, trying to help establish contacts and carry messages between the parties involved, motivated by its anti-hegemonic foreign policy which considered that the conflict was the product of superpower rivalries in the region. In what concerned the Palestinian problem, Romanian decision-makers believed that the establishment of an independent Palestinian state, regardless of its territory, was the key to solving the conflict. In Ceaușescu’s view, both the PLO’s close ties to the USSR and its terrorist activities derived from the absence of statehood and once a Palestinian state was created, its struggle would have moved to a different level, facilitating negotiations and peace arrangements. Ceaușescu strongly advocated in favor of this vision during its contacts with Arabs, Israelis and Americans, trying to convince all sides of the advantages of such a scenario. This way, Romania contributed – as small as that contribution may had been – to the transformation of the PLO from a virtually terrorist organization into a future political actor in the region.

中文翻译：

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罗马尼亚和巴勒斯坦解放组织，1972–1974

摘要

本文重新评估了尼古拉·齐奥塞斯库在 1972 年首次接触后最初几年与亚西尔·阿拉法特和巴勒斯坦解放组织的关系。罗马尼亚从 1967 年起在中东冲突中奉行积极的政策，试图帮助双方建立联系并传递信息受其反霸权外交政策的推动，该政策认为冲突是该地区超级大国竞争的产物。在巴勒斯坦问题上，罗马尼亚决策者认为，建立一个独立的巴勒斯坦国，不论其领土如何，是解决冲突的关键。在齐奥塞斯库看来，巴解组织与苏联的密切关系及其恐怖主义活动都源于没有建国和巴勒斯坦国成立后，它的斗争本可以升级到一个不同的层次，促进谈判和和平安排。齐奥塞斯库在与阿拉伯人、以色列人和美国人的接触中强烈主张支持这一愿景，试图让各方相信这种情景的优势。通过这种方式，罗马尼亚为巴解组织从一个近乎恐怖的组织转变为该地区未来的政治参与者做出了贡献——尽管贡献可能很小。