Breast cancer is the leading cancer worldwide among women. Traditional clinicopathological prognostic and predictive markers need refining to improve clinical outcomes. This study explored the association between traditional clinicopathological factors and the expression of Akt1 and E2F1 transduction proteins and their phosphorylated forms in breast cancer, to determine their value as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Tumor tissues from 94 female breast cancer patients were examined for immunophenotypic expression of total Akt1, pAkt1 (Serine 473), pAkt1 (Threonine 308), total E2F1, pE2F1 (Thr433) and pE2F1 (Ser337). The expression of pAkt1 (Ser473) was significantly associated with ER/PR positive status and total E2F1 with older age (> 50), lymph node involvement and HER2 positivity. There was a significant association between triple negative cancers and total and pAkt1 (Thr308). pAkt1 (Ser473) showed an inverse relationship with Luminal B cancers and pE2F1 (Thr433) showed an inverse association with triple negative cancers. Higher expression of pE2F1 (Ser337) was associated with better OS. Both pAkt1 (Ser473 and Thr308) proteins showed significant association with poorer patient outcomes. E2F1 (Ser337) showed a significant positive correlation with response to chemotherapy. The study suggests that a pAkt1⁻/pE2F1⁺ phenotype could indicate an opportunity to minimize chemotherapeutic options in older women; conversely a pAkt1⁺/pE2F1⁻ phenotype could prompt a more aggressive regimen. Further exploration of this phenotype in younger women with breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancers is warranted.

乳腺癌是全球女性中的主要癌症。传统的临床病理学预后和预测标志物需要改进以改善临床结果。本研究探讨了传统临床病理因素与 Akt1 和 E2F1 转导蛋白及其磷酸化形式在乳腺癌中的表达之间的关联，以确定它们作为新型生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点的价值。检查来自 94 名女性乳腺癌患者的肿瘤组织的总 Akt1、pAkt1（丝氨酸 473）、pAkt1（苏氨酸 308）、总 E2F1、pE2F1（Thr433）和 pE2F1（Ser337）的免疫表型表达。pAkt1 (Ser473) 的表达与 ER/PR 阳性状态和总 E2F1 显着相关，年龄较大（> 50）、淋巴结受累和 HER2 阳性。三阴性癌症与总和 pAkt1 (Thr308) 之间存在显着关联。pAkt1 (Ser473) 与 Luminal B 癌症呈负相关，pE2F1 (Thr433) 与三阴性癌症呈负相关。pE2F1 (Ser337) 的更高表达与更好的 OS 相关。pAkt1（Ser473 和 Thr308）蛋白均显示出与较差的患者预后显着相关。E2F1 (Ser337) 与化疗反应呈显着正相关。该研究表明 pAkt1 pAkt1（Ser473 和 Thr308）蛋白均显示出与较差的患者预后显着相关。E2F1 (Ser337) 与化疗反应呈显着正相关。该研究表明 pAkt1 pAkt1（Ser473 和 Thr308）蛋白均显示出与较差的患者预后显着相关。E2F1 (Ser337) 与化疗反应呈显着正相关。该研究表明 pAkt1^- /pE2F1 ⁺表型可能表明有机会尽量减少老年女性的化疗选择；相反，pAkt1 ⁺ /pE2F1 ^-表型可能会提示更积极的治疗方案。有必要在患有乳腺癌和三阴性乳腺癌的年轻女性中进一步探索这种表型。