Since the early 2000s, the terms ‘re-municipalization’ and ‘reverse privatization’ entered the lexicon as several examples emerged of governments taking ownership of assets and services that had previously been privatized or outsourced. Various methods are used to implement re-municipalization decisions and differences are observed across countries and sectors. The approaches most frequently adopted are re-municipalization through contract termination and contract expiration. We utilize a wide database of re-municipalizations worldwide to analyse the factors that influence governments’ choice between these two approaches. The results from our multivariate analysis find a pattern of historical recurrence in the characteristics of the current re-municipalization process.

Points for practitioners

Most governments wait for contracts to expire but the number of contract terminations is sizeable. Re-municipalization in larger cities, network sectors (particularly water) and implemented by municipal governments have a positive association with termination. Re-municipalization of energy utilities and conducted in countries of French legal origin is positively associated with contract expiration. Patterns of contemporary re-municipalization closely resemble those witnessed in the ‘Progressive Era’.

中文翻译：

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市民化中政府在合同终止和合同期满之间的选择：一个历史复发的案例吗？

自2000年代初以来，“再市政化”和“逆向私有化”一词进入了词典，因为出现了一些例子，说明政府取得了先前私有化或外包的资产和服务的所有权。人们采用了各种方法来实施重新医疗化决策，并且在国家和部门之间观察到了差异。最常采用的方法是通过合同终止和合同期满进行再市政化。我们利用世界范围内的广泛的市民化数据库来分析影响政府在这两种方法之间进行选择的因素。我们多变量分析的结果发现了当前再免疫过程特征中的历史复发模式。

从业人员要点

大多数政府都在等待合同到期，但合同终止的数量却很大。大城市，网络部门（特别是水）的再市政化和市政府的实施与终止有着积极的联系。在法国合法血统的国家进行的公用事业再市政化与合同有效期成正比。当代重新市政化的模式与“进步时代”中所见证的模式极为相似。