This paper aims to unpack the empirical and theoretical complexity that surrounds ‘resilience’, with particular attention to its application to war-affected children and youth. We expand current conceptual frameworks to adopt a more inclusive and intergenerational approach that accounts for the added layers of national, global and intergenerational resilience, arguing for greater recognition of the shared or relational nature of resilience. We introduce a multidimensional model of resilience that integrates the macro- and micro-level to include resilience-enabling systems at the family, community, national, global and intergenerational levels. The purpose of this conceptual framework is to provide a more holistic and integrative model that combines both bottom-up and top-down approaches to cultivating resilience, highlighting the power of interconnections across interrelated systems and social structures. Using the case example of post-genocide Rwanda and the experiences of children born of genocidal rape, we apply our multidimensional model to illustrate concrete examples of resilience-enabling systems at the family, community, national, global and intergenerational levels. Our proposed multidimensional model as applied to youth born of genocidal rape in Rwanda reveals key gaps in their surrounding social ecological systems, highlighting the importance of coordinated and mutually-reinforcing efforts to engender resilience across all dimensions concurrently. We conclude with a set of policy and practice implications, directions for future research, and lessons-learned on how best to champion the resilience of this unique and important population of children.

本文旨在解开围绕“复原力”的经验和理论复杂性，特别关注其在受战争影响的儿童和青少年中的应用。我们扩展了当前的概念框架，以采用更具包容性和代际性的方法，该方法解释了国家、全球和代际复原力的增加层次，主张更多地认识到复原力的共享或关系性质。我们引入了一个整合宏观和微观层面的多维复原力模型，包括家庭、社区、国家、全球和代际间的复原力赋能系统水平。这个概念框架的目的是提供一个更全面和综合的模型，结合自下而上和自上而下的方法来培养复原力，突出相互关联的系统和社会结构之间相互联系的力量。使用种族灭绝后卢旺达的案例和因种族灭绝强奸而出生的儿童的经历，我们应用我们的多维模型来说明在家庭、社区、国家、全球和代际层面上增强复原力的系统的具体例子。我们提出的多维模型应用于卢旺达因种族灭绝强奸而出生的青年，揭示了其周围社会生态系统的关键差距，强调了协调和相互加强努力以在所有人中产生复原力的重要性维度同时进行。最后，我们总结了一系列政策和实践影响、未来研究方向以及如何最好地支持这一独特而重要的儿童群体的复原力的经验教训。