The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam (MLX), carprofen (CRP), and tolfenamic acid (TA) in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) following intramuscular (IM) and oral administration at doses of 1, 10, and 2 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 72 quails were randomly divided into 3 equal groups as MLX, CRP, and TA. Each group was separated into two sub-groups that received IM and oral administration of each drug. Plasma concentrations of MLX, CRP, and TA were determined using HPLC-UV and analyzed by non-compartmental method. The t_1/2ʎz and MRT of MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration were similar to those after IM administration. The V_darea/F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.28, 2.05, and 0.20 L/kg. The Cl/F of MLX, CRP, and TA after IM administration was 0.12, 0.19, and 0.09 L/h/kg. MLX, CRP, and TA after oral administration showed significantly lower C_max and longer T_max compared with IM administration. The relative bioavailability of MLX, CRP, and TA following oral administration in quails was 76.13%, 61.46%, and 57.32%, respectively. The IM and oral route of MLX, CRP, and TA can be used for the treatment of various conditions in quails. However, further research is necessary to determine the pharmacodynamics and safety of MLX, CRP, and TA before use in quails.

中文翻译：

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日本鹌鹑（Coturnix coturnix japonica）肌肉注射和口服给药后美洛昔康、卡洛芬和托芬那酸的药代动力学

本研究的目的是确定在日本鹌鹑 ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ) 肌肉注射 (IM) 和口服剂量为 1、10、和 2 毫克/千克，分别。总共72只鹌鹑被随机分为3个相等的组，分别为MLX、CRP和TA。每组被分成两个亚组，接受肌肉注射和口服每种药物。使用 HPLC-UV 测定 MLX、CRP 和 TA 的血浆浓度，并通过非隔室法进行分析。口服给药后MLX、CRP和TA的t _1/2ʎz和MRT与肌内给药相似。V _dareaIM 给药后 MLX、CRP 和 TA 的 /F 分别为 0.28、2.05 和 0.20 L/kg。IM 给药后 MLX、CRP 和 TA 的 Cl/F 分别为 0.12、0.19 和 0.09 L/h/kg。与 IM 给药相比，口服给药后的 MLX、CRP 和 TA 显示出显着降低的_Cmax和更长的 Tmax _。鹌鹑口服后MLX、CRP和TA的相对生物利用度分别为76.13%、61.46%和57.32%。MLX、CRP 和 TA 的 IM 和口服途径可用于治疗鹌鹑的各种病症。然而，在用于鹌鹑之前，需要进一步研究以确定 MLX、CRP 和 TA 的药效学和安全性。