Abstract

This paper addresses the effects that basic soil treatment techniques that place crop residues on the field surface in different ways have on the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil. The study was carried out in 2018–2019 in Saratov oblast in the framework of a stationary experiment conducted by the Agricultural Research Institute for the Southeastern Region in a sloping–hollow agrolandscape represented by a landscape strip on a south-facing slope with an inclination of 1°–3°. The nitrate nitrogen dynamics was monitored in the course of cultivation of soft spring wheat, variety Saratovskaya 70. The purpose of this study was to identify the accumulation dynamics patterns of nitrate nitrogen in soils treated by sweep cultivation that leaves crop residues on the soil surface and by a cultivation technique that places crop residues locally in coulisses divided by mineralized soil strips. It is established that surface placement of crop residues as a result of sweep loosening and their local placement in coulisses reduce the nitrate nitrogen content iRUBRICSn the arable layer. By contrast, the mineralized strips formed between the coulisses provide optimal conditions for nitrification processes.

中文翻译：

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基本土壤处理技术对土壤硝态氮累积动态的影响

摘要

本文探讨了将土壤残留物以不同方式放置在田间表面的基本土壤处理技术对土壤中硝酸盐氮含量的影响。该研究于2018-2019年在萨拉托夫州进行，是由东南地区农业研究所在一个倾斜的中空农业景观中进行的固定实验的框架，该景观以南坡上的景观带为代表，倾斜度为1°–3°。在栽培品种Saratovskaya 70的软春小麦种植过程中监测硝酸盐氮的动态。这项研究的目的是确定通过扫耕处理将作物残渣留在土壤表面的耕作技术，以及通过将作物残渣局部放置在土壤中的矿化土条中的耕作技术，来确定土壤中硝态氮的累积动态模式。已经确定由于扫松造成的农作物残留物的表面放置及其在表皮中的局部放置降低了耕种层的硝酸盐氮含量。相比之下，岩浆之间形成的矿化条带为硝化过程提供了最佳条件。