Abstract—

The response of maize hybrids to nitrogen fertilizer as a hereditary character was investigated. A hybrid combination with the original parental inbreds with a strong response to nitrogen fertilizer was developed for this purpose (according to the studies conducted in 2012–2014). The growth of the vegetative part and root system mass of plants in maize lines and hybrids at the five-leaf stage, height, and yield of green mass and grain were taken as criteria for evaluating the response. The hybrid combination obtained by breeding showed significantly higher growth of green mass of plants and mass of the root system at the five-leaf stage during testing in 2015–2019. The increase was respectively 2.12 and 0.37 g under nitrogen fertilization. It was demonstrated that the hybrid Eksperimental’nyi was of greater growth in plant height (4 cm), significantly higher increase in green mass yield (2.8 t/ha), and grain yield (0.24 t/ha) compared to the control Mashuk 355 MV. The new hybrid used nitrogen more efficiently to create additional protein, whose content in grain increased by 0.93%, which was 0.42% higher than in the hybrid Mashuk 355 MV. The specific response of the hybrid combination of maize to nitrogen fertilizer was proven, which is directly associated with the genotype characteristics inherited from the parental inbreds. The selection of a starting material with a heavy response to nitrogen fertilizer and its application in hybridization made it possible to obtain the hybrid combination Eksperimental’nyi. It was superior to the hybrid Mashuk 355 MV in nitrogen response. These results were used to evaluate the starting material and its selection in developing efficient maize hybrids responsive to nitrogen fertilizer.

中文翻译：

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玉米杂交种对氮肥的响应评价

摘要-

研究了玉米杂交种对氮肥的遗传特性。为此目的，开发了与对氮肥反应强烈的原始亲本近交种的杂交组合（根据2012-2014年进行的研究）。以玉米在五叶阶段的品系和杂种的植物的营养部分和根系质量的生长，高度，绿色质量和谷粒的产量作为评价响应的标准。通过育种获得的杂交组合在2015-2019年的测试中显示出在五叶阶段的绿色植物的生长量和根系的质量显着提高。氮肥施肥增加量分别为2.12和0.37g。结果表明，杂种Eksperimental'nyi的株高（4 cm）有较大的增长，与对照Mashuk 355 MV相比，生果量（2.8吨/公顷）和谷物产量（0.24吨/公顷）的增幅明显更高。新的杂种更有效地利用氮来产生额外的蛋白质，谷物中的蛋白质含量增加了0.93％，比杂种Mashuk 355 MV高0.42％。玉米杂交组合对氮肥的特异性反应已被证明，这与亲本近交遗传的基因型特征直接相关。对氮肥反应强烈的起始原料的选择及其在杂交中的应用使得有可能获得Eksperimental'nyi的杂交组合。它在氮响应方面优于杂交Mashuk 355 MV。