This nation-wide survey including 382 Swedish apiaries is the first to document base-line information of the prevalence and distribution of the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor, the mite-associated viruses Deformed wing virus and Acute bee paralysis virus, and the bacterial honey bee pathogens Paenibacillus larvae and Melissococcus plutonius in the country. Varroa and associated viruses were not detected in the northern regions of the country. The bacterium P. larvae was detected in 6% of the investigated apiaries and it was absent in more than half of the counties, M. plutonius was detected in two apiaries in one county. Other results from our study include questionnaire responses, in which beekeepers reported total winter colony losses of 6.4%. Fifty-three percent of the beekeepers reported to have purchased queens the year preceding this study, and 40.1% moved colonies to the apiary. Queens were imported from European countries and the USA. The movements of bees were one of the factors strongly associated with the prevalence of the disease-causing organisms surveyed and colony losses. The majority of the participating beekeepers were not aware of any disease related signs in their apiaries despite positive laboratory findings. This highlights the importance of further outreach efforts to increase the beekeepers' awareness of diseases and disease management. The results provide a disease baseline for improvements of the surveillance system.

这项包括 382 家瑞典养蜂场在内的全国性调查首次记录了外寄生螨瓦螨、螨相关病毒变形翅病毒和急性蜜蜂麻痹病毒以及细菌性蜜蜂病原体的流行和分布的基线信息国内有幼虫类芽孢杆菌和Melissococcus plutonius。在该国北部地区未检测到瓦螨和相关病毒。在 6% 的调查养蜂场中检测到细菌P. 幼虫，并且在超过一半的县中不存在，M. plutonius在一个县的两个养蜂场中检测到。我们研究的其他结果包括问卷答复，其中养蜂人报告的冬季蜂群损失总数为 6.4%。53% 的养蜂人报告说在本研究前一年购买了蜂王，40.1% 将蜂群移至养蜂场。皇后是从欧洲国家和美国进口的。蜜蜂的移动是与所调查的致病生物的流行和蜂群损失密切相关的因素之一。尽管实验室检查结果呈阳性，但大多数参与的养蜂人并未意识到其养蜂场中有任何与疾病相关的迹象。这凸显了进一步推广工作以提高养蜂人对疾病和疾病管理的认识的重要性。