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Soil health indicators and crop yield in a long-term cropping system experiment
Agronomy Journal ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-13 , DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20673
Upendra M. Sainju 1 , Daniel Liptzin 2 , Brett L. Allen 1 , Sadikshya Rana‐Dangi 1
Affiliation  

Soil health indicators that link to ecosystem services, such as water and nutrient cycling, crop yield, environmental quality, and biodiversity, are needed. We measured 65 soil physical, chemical, and biological properties as potential soil health indicators from a 36-yr-old tillage and cropping system experiment and related these properties to crop yield in eastern Montana. Tillage and cropping systems were fall and spring-till continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (FSTCW), no-till continuous spring wheat (NTCW), no-till spring wheat–barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 1984–1999) replaced by spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L., 2000–2019) (NTWP), and spring till spring wheat–fallow (STWF, traditional system). Soil aggregation and stability, Al, Cd, Fe, Mn, P, and Pb concentrations, soil organic matter, water-extractable C and N, CO2 flush, β-glucosidase, and autoclaved citrate-extractable protein (ACEP) were lower, but bulk density was greater with STWF than other treatments. Mean crop yield across years was also lower with STWF than other treatments. Multivariate analysis indicated that most promising soil health indicators that related to crop yield were CO2 flush, KMnO4–extractable C, and Ca, Al, and Fe concentrations. Absence of crops during the fallow period reduced soil health indicators and crop yield with STWF compared to NTCW and NTWP. Because of significant response to management practices and relationship to crop yield, soil biological properties may be used in a routine test to measure soil health in addition to physical and chemical properties.

中文翻译:

长期种植制度试验中的土壤健康指标和作物产量

需要与生态系统服务相关的土壤健康指标,例如水和养分循环、作物产量、环境质量和生物多样性。我们测量了 65 种土壤物理、化学和生物特性,作为潜在的土壤健康指标,来自 36 年的耕作和种植系统实验,并将这些特性与蒙大拿州东部的作物产量联系起来。耕作和耕作系统是秋季和春耕连作春小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.) (FSTCW)、免耕连作春小麦 (NTCW)、免耕春小麦-大麦 ( Hordeum vulgare L., 1984–1999)取而代之的是春小麦-豌豆(Pisum sativumL., 2000–2019) (NTWP) 和春至春小麦休耕(STWF,传统系统)。土壤聚集和稳定性、Al、Cd、Fe、Mn、P 和 Pb 浓度、土壤有机质、水可提取的 C 和 N、CO 2冲洗、β-葡萄糖苷酶和高压灭菌的柠檬酸盐可提取蛋白 (ACEP) 较低,但 STWF 的堆积密度高于其他处理。STWF 的跨年平均作物产量也低于其他处理。多变量分析表明,与作物产量相关的最有希望的土壤健康指标是 CO 2冲洗、KMnO 4– 可萃取的 C、Ca、Al 和 Fe 浓度。与 NTCW 和 NTWP 相比,休耕期间没有作物会降低 STWF 的土壤健康指标和作物产量。由于对管理实践的显着响应以及与作物产量的关系,除了物理和化学特性之外,还可以在常规测试中使用土壤生物学特性来测量土壤健康。
更新日期:2021-04-13
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