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Two types of language contact involving English Creoles: Why Krio (Sierra Leone) has evolved more towards English than its relative Pichi (Equatorial Guinea) towards Spanish
English Today ( IF 1.156 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-12 , DOI: 10.1017/s0266078421000146
Kofi Yakpo

The two African English-lexifier Creole languages Krio (Sierra Leone) and Pichi (Equatorial Guinea) are closely related. A close look at specific aspects of their grammar, however, shows divergence due to differing contact ecologies since their split in the 19th century. Krio has been spoken alongside its lexifier (the main lexicon-providing language) and superstrate (the socially dominant colonial language) English since its beginnings and Pichi alongside its superstrate Spanish for almost two centuries, but not alongside English. Resulting differences in contact outcomes transpire in the expression of tense, aspect, and mood, and the use of prepositions for the marking of participants. In these two areas, Krio has converged more with English than Pichi with Spanish because existing overlaps between Creole and lexifier forms have facilitated transfer from English. There is therefore evidence for different contact outcomes in Creoles depending on whether they continue to be in contact with a superstrate that is simultaneously the lexifier (in this case English), or not. No previous work has compared Krio and Pichi nor looked at these two Creole languages from the viewpoint of their differing linguistic ecologies and their resulting differentiation.



中文翻译:

涉及英语克里奥尔语的两种语言接触:为什么 Krio(塞拉利昂)比其亲戚 Pichi(赤道几内亚)更倾向于西班牙语

克里奥语(塞拉利昂)和皮奇语(赤道几内亚)这两种非洲英语词汇克里奥尔语密切相关。然而,仔细观察他们语法的具体方面,就会发现自 19 世纪分裂以来由于不同的接触生态而导致的分歧Krio 与其词法(主要提供词典的语言)和superstrate一起使用(社会上占主导地位的殖民地语言)英语从一开始就存在,Pichi 与它的上层西班牙语一起使用了将近两个世纪,但没有与英语并存。接触结果的差异体现在时态、方面和情绪的表达上,以及使用介词来标记参与者。在这两个领域,Krio 与英语的融合比 Pichi 与西班牙语的融合更多,因为克里奥尔语和词法词形式之间存在的重叠促进了从英语的迁移。因此,有证据表明克里奥尔语中的不同接触结果取决于他们是否继续与同时作为词法词(在本例中为英语)的上层接触。

更新日期:2021-04-12
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