Financial mechanisms to mitigate the costs of negative human–carnivore interactions are frequently promoted to support human coexistence with carnivores. Yet, evidence to support their performance in different settings is scarce. We evaluated a community-based livestock insurance program implemented as part of a broader snow leopard conservation effort in the Tost Tosonbumba Nature Reserve, South Gobi, Mongolia. We assessed program efficiency and effectiveness for snow leopard conservation using a results-based evaluation approach. Data sources included program records from 2009 to 2018, as well as surveys conducted in 2016 and 2017, which allowed us to compare key indicators across communities that participated in the insurance program and control communities. Program coverage and number of livestock insured rapidly increased over the years to reach 65% of households and close to 11,000 livestock. Participants expressed satisfaction with the program and their contributions increased over time, with an increasing proportion (reaching 64% in 2018) originating from participant premiums, suggesting strong community ownership of the program. Participants were less likely to report the intention to kill a snow leopard and reported fewer livestock losses than respondents from control communities, suggesting increased engagement in conservation efforts. These results together suggest that the insurance program achieved its expected objectives, although it is challenging to disentangle the contributions of each individual conservation intervention implemented in intervention communities. However, in the first three years of the program, snow leopard mortalities continued to be reported suggesting that additional interventions were needed to reach impact in terms of reducing retaliatory killings of large carnivores.

经常推广减轻人食肉动物消极互动成本的财务机制，以支持人与食肉动物共存。但是，缺乏支持它们在不同环境下的性能的证据。我们评估了一项基于社区的牲畜保险计划，该计划是在蒙古南戈壁的Tost Tosonbumba自然保护区进行的更广泛的雪豹保护工作的一部分。我们使用基于结果的评估方法评估了雪豹保护的计划效率和有效性。数据来源包括2009年至2018年的计划记录以及2016年和2017年进行的调查，这使我们能够比较参与保险计划的社区和控制社区的关键指标。这些年来，计划的覆盖范围和被保险牲畜数量迅速增加，覆盖了65％的家庭和近11,000头牲畜。参与者对该计划表示满意，他们的贡献随着时间的推移而增加，其中比例越来越高（2018年达到64％）来自参与者的保费，这表明社区对该计划拥有很强的主人翁意识。与控制社区的受访者相比，与会的参与者不太可能报告要杀死雪豹的意图，并且牲畜损失较少，这表明参与保护工作的人数有所增加。这些结果一起表明，保险计划已实现其预期目标，尽管要想弄清干预社区实施的每个个体保护干预的贡献是具有挑战性的。然而，