Water pollution is a primary environmental concern in Pakistan due to its serious health effects. Over more than 1.25 million people in the Swat district rely on surface and groundwater sources for drinking, agricultural purposes. Hence, the need to ascertain the drinking water quality and associated human health risks were considered highly significant. In this study, eighty water samples (40 for chemical parameters and 40 for biological parameters) were randomly collected from schools and colleges at Mingora city, district Swat. The mean values of physico-chemical water quality parameters such as pH (6.3), TDS (410.7 mg/l), EC (709.7), temperature (25.83 °C), turbidity (0.47 NTU), alkalinity (104.8 mg/l), salinity (910.0 mg/l), total hardness (348.15 mg/l), dissolved oxygen (DO) (2.35 ppm), chlorine (5.4 mg/l), fluoride (1.12 mg/l), nitrate (NO₃) (44.52 mg/l) and nitrite (NO₂) (4.05 mg/l) were measured using standard methods recommended by World Health Organization and the American Public Health Association. Besides, the mean value of total coliform bacteria, including fecal coliform, was found; (0.32) with standard deviation; (0.572) whereas, the mean value of Escherichia coli was found (0.3) with a standard deviation of (0.564). This study also finds the drinking water sources highly contaminated by fecal coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, which is the main reason for many waterborne diseases such as gastroenteritis, dysentery, and diarrhea. Additionally, residents of the area also reported some instances of viral hepatitis. Moreover, the significant variations among various water quality parameters were attributed to growing urbanization trends, nearby agricultural runoffs, lack of proper sewerage/solid waste disposal systems, and direct discharge of waste effluents containing human and animal fecal material. Hence, the need for adequate education on health hygiene and water treatment practices was highly recommended. Similarly, the execution of routine drinking water quality monitoring by relevant organizations was considered indispensable.

由于其对健康的严重影响，水污染是巴基斯坦的主要环境问题。斯瓦特地区超过125万人依靠地表水和地下水来饮用和农业目的。因此，确定饮用水质量和相关的人类健康风险的需求被认为是非常重要的。在这项研究中，从斯瓦特地区明戈拉市的学校和学院中随机收集了80个水样本（化学参数为40，生物参数为40）。理化水质参数的平均值，例如pH（6.3），TDS（410.7 mg / l），EC（709.7），温度（25.83°C），浊度（0.47 NTU），碱度（104.8 mg / l） ，盐度（910.0 mg / l），总硬度（348.15 mg / l），溶解氧（DO）（2.35 ppm），氯（5.4 mg / l），氟化物（1.12 mg / l），硝酸盐（NO₃）（44.52 mg / l）和亚硝酸盐（NO ₂）（4.05 mg / l）使用世界卫生组织和美国公共卫生协会推荐的标准方法进行测量。此外，求出了包括粪便大肠菌在内的大肠菌总数的平均值。（0.32）具有标准偏差；（0.572），而大肠杆菌的平均值为（0.3），标准偏差为（0.564）。这项研究还发现，饮用水源受到粪便大肠菌（包括大肠杆菌）的高度污染，这是许多水源性疾病（例如肠胃炎，痢疾和腹泻）的主要原因。此外，该地区的居民还报告了一些病毒性肝炎的病例。此外，各种水质参数之间的显着差异归因于日益增长的城市化趋势，附近的农业径流，缺乏适当的污水处理/固体废物处理系统以及直接排放含有人和动物粪便的废水。因此，强烈建议对健康卫生和水处理实践进行适当的教育。同样，相关组织执行例行的饮用水水质监测也被认为是必不可少的。