The existence of gender inequalities in health, in the use of health services, and in the development of informal care has been demonstrated throughout scientific literature. In Spain, a law was passed in 2007 to promote effective equality between men and women. Despite this, different studies have shown that the previous gender inequalities are still present in Spanish society. For all these reasons, the objective of this paper is to study the differences by sex in informal care and in the use of emergency care, and to identify the existence of gender inequalities in Spain 10 years after the adoption of the aforementioned equality law. In this case, we development a cross-sectional study based on the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey of the Spanish population aged 16 and over. To analyze the influence of gender determinants on informal care and emergency care utilization, logistic regressions were performed, model 1 was adjusted for age, and model 2 was further adjusted too by the variables of the Andersen care demand model. The results showed that informal care and the use of the emergency care continues to be higher in women than in men. Informal care in women was related to a higher level of education. In emergency care, the older the age, the lower the probability of utilization, and living in a rural municipality was related to a higher probability of utilization for both sexes. Finally, we concluded that there is still a need for studies that analyze gender inequalities in different contexts, such as the informal care and the use of health services. This is especially relevant in Spain, where economic changes have led to a change in roles, mainly for women, and new management strategies are needed to achieve equity in care and effective equality between men and women.

中文翻译：

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性别决定因素对西班牙非正式护理和卫生服务利用的影响：批准平等法十年后

整个科学文献都证明了在保健，使用保健服务和发展非正式护理中性别不平等的存在。西班牙于2007年通过了一项法律，以促进男女之间的有效平等。尽管如此，不同的研究表明，西班牙社会仍然存在以前的性别不平等现象。由于所有这些原因，本文的目的是研究非正式照料和紧急照护使用中的性别差异，并确定在通过上述平等法10年后西班牙是否存在性别不平等现象。在这种情况下，我们根据2017年西班牙国家健康调查对16岁及以上西班牙人口进行了横断面研究。为了分析性别决定因素对非正式护理和紧急护理利用的影响，进行了逻辑回归，对模型1进行了年龄调整，对模型2也进行了安德森护理需求模型的变量调整。结果表明，女性的非正式护理和紧急护理的使用率继续高于男性。妇女的非正式护理与较高的教育水平有关。在紧急护理中，年龄越大，被利用的可能性越低，居住在农村城市与男女双方被利用的可能性较高有关。最后，我们得出结论，仍然需要进行研究，以分析不同情况下的性别不平等，例如非正式护理和卫生服务的使用。这在西班牙尤为重要，