The changing climate in the 20th and 21st centuries has had a profound impact on glacial lake formation and downwasting. The rapid receding of glaciers due to increased atmospheric temperature has caused glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the nival–glacial belt region on the northern slopes of the Kyrgyz mountain range over the last 20 years. Catastrophic events downstream due to GLOFs are increasing in this region and could affect the natural environment, human lives, and property. This study aims to evaluate the spatial distribution and growth of glacial lakes on the northern slopes of the Kyrgyz range using semiautomated remote sensing and field techniques. We recorded 273 glacial lakes and examined the characteristics of 5 small GLOFs that occurred between 2000 and 2012 due to moraine collapse. Further, the findings highlight alarmingly rapid changes and a high probability that these lakes will burst soon. Remote sensing, geographic information system, and statistical techniques combined with field-based knowledge are effective in identifying and monitoring the catastrophic nature of GLOFs on the northern slopes of the Kyrgyz range. The study recommends creating a spatial database inventory of both glacial lakes and GLOFs in the region using high-resolution satellite images and in-situ field techniques.

中文翻译：

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吉尔吉斯山脉北坡冰川湖泊和特大洪水的评价。

20世纪和21世纪不断变化的气候对冰川湖的形成和消沉产生了深远的影响。在过去的20年中，由于气温升高，冰川迅速消退，在吉尔吉斯山脉北坡的新生-冰川带地区造成了冰川湖爆发洪水（GLOF）。在该地区，由于GLOF而导致的下游灾难性事件正在增加，并可能影响自然环境，人类生活和财产。这项研究旨在使用半自动遥感和野外技术评估吉尔吉斯山脉北坡上冰川湖的空间分布和增长。我们记录了273个冰川湖泊，并研究了2000年至2012年之间因冰ora倒塌而发生的5个小型GLOF的特征。更多，调查结果突显了惊人的迅速变化，这些湖泊很快就会爆发的可能性很高。遥感，地理信息系统和统计技术与实地知识相结合，可有效地识别和监测吉尔吉斯山脉北坡的GLOF的灾难性性质。该研究建议使用高分辨率卫星图像和原位现场技术创建该地区冰川湖和GLOF的空间数据库清单。