The observed baryon asymmetry in the universe cannot be reconciled with the current form of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. The Standard Model breaks charge conjugation parity (CP) symmetry, but not in a sufficient amount to explain the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry. Historically one of the first systems to be studied in the search of symmetry breaking within the Standard Model is the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron. The contribution to the neutron EDM coming from the SM is several order of magnitudes smaller than the current experimental bound, thus providing a unique, background-free window for potential discovery of physics Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). The strong CP-violating \(\theta \) term can also contribute to the neutron EDM, as can all the CP-violating effective operators describing, at energies below the electro-weak scale, the contributions from BSM. To constrain all these contributions to the neutron EDM we need to precisely determine the hadronic matrix elements of the corresponding renormalized operators. After a brief introduction on baryon asymmetry and baryogenesis, I summarize the current stuatus for experiments in search of a neutron EDM. I then describe in more details the different CP-violating sources, and some results in Chiral Perturbation Theory precede a discussion on the current status of Lattice QCD calculations. I will in particular focus on the 2 main challenges for these type of calculations: the signal-to-noise ratio and the renormalization. I will discuss several improvement techniques trying to improve these two aspects of the calculation and I will conclude with an optimistic view into the future.

宇宙中观测到的重子不对称性与粒子物理学标准模型（SM）的当前形式不相符。标准模型打破了电荷共轭宇称（CP）对称性，但不足以解释观察到的物质-反物质不对称性。历史上，在标准模型中寻找对称性破缺时首先要研究的系统之一是中子的电偶极矩（EDM）。 SM 对中子 EDM 的贡献比当前的实验范围小几个数量级，从而为超越标准模型 (BSM) 的物理潜在发现提供了一个独特的、无背景的窗口。强 CP 破坏\(\theta \)项也可以对中子 EDM 做出贡献，所有 CP 破坏有效算子都可以在低于电弱尺度的能量下描述 BSM 的贡献。为了限制所有这些对中子 EDM 的贡献，我们需要精确确定相应重正化算子的强子矩阵元素。在简要介绍了重子不对称性和重子发生之后，我总结了寻找中子 EDM 的实验的现状。然后，我将更详细地描述不同的 CP 破坏源，以及手性微扰理论中的一些结果，然后讨论格子 QCD 计算的当前状态。我将特别关注此类计算的两个主要挑战：信噪比和重整化。我将讨论几种尝试改进计算的这两个方面的改进技术，并以对未来的乐观看法作为结束。