The theoretical and experimental data determining the similarities and differences between the defect formation processes under the conditions of neutron and imitation ion irradiation are analyzed. The analysis involves such factors as the type and energy of cascade-forming particles, the composition and structure of irradiated materials, and the irradiation temperature. A number of proven procedures for calculating the concentration of radiation defects and the number of displacements per atom for cascade-forming types of irradiation are revised. The key factors ensuring the similarity of full-scale and simulation experiments are considered, with the following two of them singled out as the principal factors: the damaging dose accumulation rate (flux) and the temperature, which determine the course of relaxation processes. Simple methods are proposed for estimating the number of primary knocked-on atoms (PKA) under neutron irradiation and the fraction of elastic energy losses spent on defect formation. The substantiation of a unified fractal structure of atomic displacement cascades in a given target is provided, regardless of the nature and energy of the cascade-forming types of irradiation.

分析了确定中子和仿离子辐照条件下缺陷形成过程之间异同的理论和实验数据。分析涉及诸如级联形成颗粒的类型和能量，被辐照材料的组成和结构以及辐照温度等因素。修改了许多用于计算辐射缺陷浓度和级联形成类型的辐射的每个原子的位移数的行之有效的程序。考虑了确保全面实验和模拟实验相似的关键因素，其中以下两个因素是主要因素：破坏剂量累积速率（通量）和温度，这些因素决定了松弛过程的过程。提出了一种简单的方法来估计中子辐照下的初级敲除原子（PKA）的数量以及花费在缺陷形成上的弹性能损失的比例。提供了给定目标中原子位移级联的统一分形结构的证明，而与级联形成类型的辐射的性质和能量无关。