Objectives Understanding racial/ethnic disparities in late-life cognitive health is a public health imperative. We used baseline data from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences (KHANDLE) study to examine how age, education, gender, and clinical diagnosis, a proxy for brain health, are associated with cross-sectional measures of cognition in diverse racial/ethnic groups. Methods Comprehensive measures of cognition were obtained using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales and the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognitive Health Battery in a sample of 1,695 KHANDLE participants (Asians 24%, Blacks 26%, Latinos 20%, Whites 29%). A 25% random subsample was clinically evaluated and diagnosed with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia. Cognitive test scores were regressed on core demographic variables and diagnosis in the combined sample and in multiple group analyses stratified by racial/ethnic group. Results Race/ethnicity and education were variably associated with test scores with strongest associations with tests of vocabulary and semantic memory. Older age was associated with poorer performance on all measures, and gender differences varied across cognitive tests. Clinical diagnosis of MCI or dementia was associated with average decrements in test scores that ranged from −0.41 to −0.84 SD, with largest differences on tests of executive function and episodic memory. With few exceptions, associations of demographic variables and clinical diagnosis did not differ across racial/ethnic groups. Discussion The robust associations of cognitive test results with clinical diagnosis independent of core demographic variables and race/ethnicity support the validity of cognitive tests as indicators for brain health in diverse older adults.

中文翻译：

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测量不同种族老年人的认知健康

目的 了解晚年认知健康方面的种族/族裔差异是公共卫生的当务之急。我们使用 Kaiser 健康老龄化和多样化生活经历 (KHANDLE) 研究的基线数据来检验年龄、教育程度、性别和临床诊断（大脑健康的代表）如何与不同种族/族裔的横断面认知测量相关联团体。方法 在 1,695 名 KHANDLE 参与者（亚洲人 24%、黑人 26%、拉丁裔 20%、白人 29%）的样本中，使用西班牙语和英语神经心理学评估量表和美国国立卫生研究院工具箱认知健康电池获得认知的综合测量。25% 的随机子样本经过临床评估并被诊断为认知正常、轻度认知障碍 (MCI) 或痴呆。在合并样本和按种族/族裔群体分层的多组分析中，认知测试分数根据核心人口统计变量和诊断进行回归。结果 种族/族裔和教育程度与考试成绩有不同的关联，与词汇和语义记忆测试的关联最强。年龄较大与所有措施的表现较差有关，并且性别差异因认知测试而异。MCI 或痴呆的临床诊断与测试分数的平均下降相关，测试分数的平均下降范围为 -0.41 至 -0.84 SD，执行功能和情景记忆测试的差异最大。除了少数例外，人口统计变量和临床诊断的关联在不同种族/族裔群体中没有差异。