Preterm delivery affects 10.6% of all live births (1). Despite the improvement in neonatal survival, there is still a high prevalence of motor, neurosensory, cognitive, and behavioral deficits (2–4). Neuroprotection of the premature brain is a healthcare priority both in terms of family burden and economy (5, 6). Significant progress in our ability to establish the specific diagnosis and an improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of neonatal brain injury are needed in order to propose relevant neuroprotective strategies.

中文翻译：

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早产儿的神经发育后遗症：科学挑战

早产影响了所有活产的 10.6% (1)。尽管新生儿存活率有所提高，但运动、神经感觉、认知和行为缺陷的发生率仍然很高 (2-4)。就家庭负担和经济而言，对早产儿大脑的神经保护是医疗保健的优先事项 (5, 6)。为了提出相关的神经保护策略，我们需要在建立特定诊断的能力和对新生儿脑损伤基本机制的更好理解方面取得重大进展。