In the aftermath of a nuclear or radiological accident, an extended mapping of reliable dose rate values is of key importance for any governmental decision and countermeasures. Presently, numerous dosimetry network stations, operated by the national governments of the member states in Europe, provide such dose rate data on an hourly basis. Nevertheless, there are large areas in Europe that are not covered at all by these early warning networks and other areas that show only a low density of governmental network stations. Hence, there may be a significant lack of information in case of a nuclear or radiological emergency. As a consequence of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accidents in 2011, a number of non-governmental radiation monitoring networks (NRMN) appeared on the internet, providing dose rate data based on stationary as well as on mobile measurements of ionizing radiation by laypersons. Especially the mobile detectors are able to cover large areas in short time. Therefore, it is of considerable importance to investigate the feasibility of using dose rate data from non-governmental networks as a complementary input to the European Radiological Data Exchange Platform (EURDEP). Within the European Metrology Program for Innovation and Research (EMPIR), the project 16ENV04 “Preparedness” has studied the metrological relevance of such non-governmental dose rate data (also called crowd-sourced radiological monitoring) in the most comprehensive way so far. Sixteen different dose rate detector systems (in general 4 of each type, plus 2 types with 2 detectors, i.e. 68 detectors in total) used in NRMN have been investigated for the reliability of their data and the corresponding networks, and their data provision to the public were analyzed. The most relevant performance parameters of dosimetry systems (detector's inherent background, energy dependence and linearity of the response as well as the response to secondary cosmic radiation, the sensitivity to small increases of the dose rate and finally the stability of the detector's indication at various climatic conditions - temperature and humidity) have been investigated for fourteen representative types of non-governmental dose rate measuring instruments. Results of this comprehensive performance study of the simple, light-weighted and cheap dose rate meters used in NRMN, and conclusions on the feasibility of using their data for governmental monitoring in case of a nuclear or radiological emergency are presented.

在核事故或放射性事故之后，可靠的剂量率值的扩展映射对于任何政府决策和对策都至关重要。目前，由欧洲成员国的各国政府运营的许多剂量测定网络站每小时都提供这种剂量率数据。但是，欧洲的大部分地区都没有被这些早期预警网络覆盖，而其他地区的政府网络站密度却很低。因此，在发生核或放射紧急情况时，可能会严重缺乏信息。由于2011年福岛第一核电站事故，互联网上出现了许多非政府辐射监测网络（NRMN），提供基于外行人员固定和移动测量电离辐射的剂量率数据。特别是移动探测器能够在短时间内覆盖大面积。因此，研究使用来自非政府网络的剂量率数据作为欧洲放射数据交换平台（EURDEP）的补充输入的可行性非常重要。在欧洲计量科学创新与研究计划（EMPIR）中，项目16ENV04“准备”已以迄今为止最全面的方式研究了此类非政府剂量率数据（也称为众包放射学监测）的计量相关性。16种不同的剂量率检测器系统（通常每种类型4种，再加上2种类型的2种检测器，即 对NRMN中使用的总共68个探测器进行了调查，以确保其数据和相应网络的可靠性，并分析其向公众提供的数据。剂量学系统最相关的性能参数（探测器的固有背景，能量依赖性和响应的线性以及对二次宇宙辐射的响应，对剂量率小幅增加的敏感性以及最终在各种气候下探测器的指示的稳定性条件-温度和湿度）已针对14种代表性的非政府剂量率测量仪器进行了研究。NRMN中使用的简单，轻巧和便宜的剂量率计的全面性能研究的结果，