We present here the first comprehensive archaeobotanical investigation from the prehistoric farming settlement of Chap I (1065–825 cal bce), located in a high altitude valley in the central Tien Shan mountains, Kyrgyzstan. A total of 40,651 plant remains (seeds, chaff and other plant parts) have been identified, making this archaeobotanical study the first of its kind from Kyrgyzstan to enable a wider discussion on cultivated crop taxa including diversity of varieties and morphotypes within the same crop species, along with crop cultivation and processing practices. Additionally, the analysis of wild plant taxa permits a significant interpretation of crop weeds and the surrounding landscape ecology at the site. The crop assemblage at the site is dominated by Hordeum vulgare (naked and hulled barley) varieties, consisting of thousands of individual grains and chaff fragments recovered from all analysed contexts. The other crops consist of Triticum (free-threshing and possibly glume wheats), Panicum miliaceum (broomcorn millet), Setaria italica (foxtail millet) and Pisum sativum (pea). The wild plant spectrum suggests an open landscape created by humans, dominated by water and nitrogen demanding plants that were growing in a well-watered, possibly irrigated landscape at an altitude of 2,000 m a.s.l. The weed taxa also suggest that possibly both summer and winter crops were cultivated. Finally, we provide illustrations of recovered plant remains and list crop identification criteria, aiming to facilitate future archaeobotanical research in Central Asia.

我们在座的从史前农耕定居第一章（1065-825 CAL的首次全面调查archaeobotanical BCE），位于中部的天山山脉高海拔的山谷，吉尔吉斯斯坦。总共鉴定出40,651株植物遗体（种子，谷壳和其他植物部位），这使该考古植物学研究成为吉尔吉斯斯坦首例此类研究，以使人们能够更广泛地讨论栽培作物分类群，包括同一作物物种内品种和形态的多样性。 ，以及农作物的种植和加工做法。此外，对野生植物类群的分析可以对现场的作物杂草和周围的景观生态学做出重要的解释。该地点的农作物组合以大麦为主要成分（裸麦和去壳大麦）品种，包括从所有分析背景中回收的数千个单独的谷物和谷壳碎片。其他农作物包括普通小麦（脱粒小麦和可能的无谷粒小麦），Pan药（b米），斜纹狗尾草（fo小米）和豌豆（Pisum sativum）（豌豆）。野生植物的光谱表明人类创造了一个开放的景观，主要是对水分和氮的需求植物，这些植物生长在海拔2,000 m的高水位，可能是灌溉的景观中。杂草类群还表明，夏季和冬季作物都可能被耕种。最后，我们提供了回收的植物遗骸的插图，并列出了作物鉴定标准，旨在促进中亚未来的考古植物学研究。