This study revealed the underpinning mechanisms in chalcopyrite flotation with high sodium bentonite content when using saline water containing divalent cations, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. It was found that at a divalent cation concentration of 0.1 mol/L, the decrease of pulp viscosity significantly enhanced the copper recovery and grade. Entrainment still played a role as the salt concentration increased further. When pulp viscosity and entrainment were excluded, the non-selective aggregation of chalcopyrite and bentonite was also found to affect the copper grade. The change of flotation solution chemistry further influenced the electrostatic interaction between chalcopyrite and bentonite. The underpinning mechanism was the ion exchange reaction between sodium bentonite and saline water through which altered the elemental distribution and inner structure of bentonite. The findings in this work suggest that when using saline water containing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ in flotation, the ion-exchange interaction makes the control of divalent cations concentration in industry flotation more complex, particularly for sodium bentonite-ore. However, within an appropriate range of divalent cations concentration, both copper grade and copper recovery can be enhanced, instead of removing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺.

这项研究揭示了当使用含有二价阳离子，Ca ²⁺和Mg ^2+的盐水时，钠膨润土含量高的黄铜矿浮选的基本机理。。发现在二价阳离子浓度为0.1 mol / L时，纸浆粘度的降低显着提高了铜的回收率和品位。随着盐浓度的进一步增加，夹带仍然起着作用。当排除纸浆粘度和夹带时，还发现黄铜矿和膨润土的非选择性聚集会影响铜的品位。浮选溶液化学性质的变化进一步影响了黄铜矿和膨润土之间的静电相互作用。潜在的机理是膨润土钠与盐水之间的离子交换反应，从而改变了膨润土的元素分布和内部结构。这项工作的发现表明，当使用含Ca ²⁺和Mg ^2+的盐水时，在浮选中，离子交换相互作用使工业浮选中二价阳离子浓度的控制更加复杂，尤其是对于膨润土钠矿石。然而，在适当的二价阳离子浓度范围内，可以提高铜的品位和铜的回收率，而不是去除Ca ²⁺和Mg ²⁺。