Hybrid networks reveal contrasting effects of agricultural intensification on antagonistic and mutualistic motifs,Functional Ecology

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Hybrid networks reveal contrasting effects of agricultural intensification on antagonistic and mutualistic motifs
Functional Ecology ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-11 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13800
Carlos Martínez‐Núñez _{1,

2} , Pedro J. Rey _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Anthropogenic-driven perturbations such as agricultural intensification can affect simultaneously and distinctly several species groups and ecosystem functions. Unveiling these concurrent effects on interdependent species groups connected by different types of ecological interactions is a key challenge for ecologists. To this endeavour, hybrid ecological networks arise as a promising tool.
In this study, we used bee trap nests to sample hybrid networks that combined mutualistic and antagonistic interactions to explore agricultural intensification effects on the representation of network motifs (i.e. subnetworks showing different interaction types between a small number of species). Also, we assessed the variability of network motif's frequencies on farms under similar management regimes and the dissimilarity between farms under different ones. For this, we implemented a novel approach, calculating network functional spaces based on probability density estimates of network motif's frequencies, using network motifs as traits.
Results showed that environmentally friendly practices maximize the representation of mutualistic (cavity nesting bees–plants) and predation (wasps–prey and bees/wasps–antagonists) motifs. In contrast, intensive agriculture favoured generalist and intraguild predation interactions. Lastly, the frequency of motifs representing antagonistic interactions was more inconsistent and unpredictable across sites than mutualistic motifs, especially on intensified farms.
Our novel approach, dissecting hybrid networks into their motifs and analysing the functional space defined by these, reported detailed and contrasting effects of agricultural intensification on network motifs that represent the mutualistic and antagonistic interactions in this system.

中文翻译：

混合网络揭示了农业集约化对对抗和互惠主题的对比影响

诸如农业集约化等人为驱动的扰动可以同时且明显地影响多个物种群和生态系统功能。揭示这些对由不同类型的生态相互作用连接的相互依存的物种群的并发影响是生态学家面临的一个关键挑战。为此，混合生态网络成为一种很有前途的工具。
在这项研究中，我们使用捕蜂巢对结合互利和对抗相互作用的混合网络进行采样，以探索农业集约化对网络基序表示的影响（即显示少数物种之间不同相互作用类型的子网络）。此外，我们评估了类似管理制度下农场网络主题频率的可变性以及不同管理制度下农场之间的差异。为此，我们实施了一种新方法，基于网络基序频率的概率密度估计计算网络功能空间，使用网络基序作为特征。
结果表明，环境友好的做法最大限度地体现了互惠（腔内筑巢蜜蜂-植物）和捕食（黄蜂-猎物和蜜蜂/黄蜂-拮抗剂）图案的表现。相比之下，集约化农业有利于通才和行内捕食相互作用。最后，与互惠性主题相比，代表对抗性互动的主题在不同地点的频率更加不一致和不可预测，尤其是在集约化农场上。
我们的新方法将混合网络分解为它们的主题并分析由它们定义的功能空间，报告了农业集约化对代表该系统中互利和对抗相互作用的网络主题的详细和对比影响。

更新日期：2021-06-08

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