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From ancient construction, through survival, towards modern conservation: characterization of fine-grained building material at Niğde-Kınık Höyük (Cappadocia, Turkey)
Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences ( IF 2.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-09 , DOI: 10.1007/s12520-021-01309-0
Massimo Setti , Anna Arizzi , Paula Nieto , Nicolás Velilla Sánchez , Giuseppe Cultrone , Lorenzo d’Alfonso

In this paper, we studied building materials from the Niğde-Kınık Höyük archaeological site (Southern Cappadocia, Turkey) with the support of historical, architectural, and geological research. The samples were collected within the framework of the Kınık Höyük Archaeological Project, which began excavations at the site in 2011 in a bid to conserve the ancient buildings that would be discovered there. The objective was to characterize the fine-grained building materials as a means of understanding the structural stability they offered, in order to explain how the remains had managed to survive for such a long time. Samples were taken from the coating on different walls, from mud bricks and rendering, and from soil-beaten floors from the different buildings in the settlement. Samples were first observed using a video microscope and then studied by means X-ray diffraction and optical and scanning electron and transmission microscopies. The materials studied were composed of volcanic sands coming from the materials that outcrop in the area. In general, the samples were porous and fissured and minerals of volcanic origin were identified such as quartz, plagioclases, cristobalite, pyroxenes, micas, amphiboles, and olivine together with others of sedimentary origin, such as calcite, and small amounts of clays. The possible presence of hydrated calcium silicates was closely investigated due to their important role in the preservation of ancient building materials, but although we searched for them with a range of different techniques, none was found. This indicates that the long-term conservation of the Niğde-Kınık Höyük archaeological site may be due to the fact that it was buried at constant temperature and humidity conditions and so protected from the weather conditions, which are milder in this area than in any other region of Central Anatolia.



中文翻译:

从古代建筑到生存,再到现代保护:Niğde-KınıkHöyük(土耳其卡帕多奇亚)细粒建筑材料的表征

在本文中,我们在历史,建筑和地质研究的支持下研究了Niğde-KınıkHöyük考古遗址(土耳其南卡帕多细亚)的建筑材料。样品是在KınıkHöyük考古项目的框架内收集的,该遗址于2011年开始在该遗址发掘,以保护在那里将被发现的古老建筑。目的是将细粒建筑材料表征为一种了解它们提供的结构稳定性的方法,以解释这些残骸如何在如此长的时间内得以幸存。从不同墙壁上的涂料,泥砖和抹灰以及定居点不同建筑物的水泥地面取样。首先使用视频显微镜观察样品,然后通过X射线衍射,光学和扫描电子显微镜以及透射显微镜进行研究。研究的材料由火山岩组成,这些火山岩来自该地区露头的材料。一般来说,样品为多孔裂隙,并鉴定出火山成因的矿物,如石英,斜长石,方石英,辉石,云母,闪石和橄榄石,以及其他沉积成因,如方解石和少量粘土。由于水合硅酸钙在保存古代建筑材料中的重要作用,因此对其进行了仔细的研究,但尽管我们使用多种不同的技术对其进行了搜索,但均未找到。这表明Niğde-KınıkHöyük考古遗址的长期保护可能是由于其被埋在恒定的温度和湿度条件下,因此不受天气条件的影响,该地区的气候条件比其他任何地方都温和。中安纳托利亚地区。辉石,云母,闪石和橄榄石,以及其他具有沉积起源的方解石和少量粘土。由于水合硅酸钙在保存古代建筑材料中的重要作用,因此对其进行了仔细的研究,但尽管我们使用多种不同的技术对其进行了搜索,但均未找到。这表明Niğde-KınıkHöyük考古遗址的长期保护可能是由于其被埋在恒定的温度和湿度条件下,因此不受天气条件的影响,该地区的气候条件比其他任何地方都温和。中安纳托利亚地区。辉石,云母,闪石和橄榄石,以及其他具有沉积起源的方解石和少量粘土。由于水合硅酸钙在保存古代建筑材料中的重要作用,因此对其进行了仔细的研究,但尽管我们使用多种不同的技术对其进行了搜索,但均未找到。这表明Niğde-KınıkHöyük考古遗址的长期保护可能是由于其被埋在恒定的温度和湿度条件下,因此不受天气条件的影响,该地区的气候条件比其他任何地方都温和。中安纳托利亚地区。由于水合硅酸钙在保存古代建筑材料中的重要作用,因此对其进行了仔细的研究,但尽管我们使用多种不同的技术对其进行了搜索,但均未找到。这表明Niğde-KınıkHöyük考古遗址的长期保护可能是由于其被埋在恒定的温度和湿度条件下,因此不受天气条件的影响,该地区的气候条件比其他任何地方都温和。中安纳托利亚地区。由于水合硅酸钙在保存古代建筑材料中的重要作用,因此对其进行了仔细的研究,但尽管我们使用多种不同的技术对其进行了搜索,但均未找到。这表明Niğde-KınıkHöyük考古遗址的长期保护可能是由于其被埋在恒定的温度和湿度条件下,因此不受天气条件的影响,该地区的气候条件比其他任何地方都温和。中安纳托利亚地区。

更新日期:2021-04-09
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