Abstract

Nanowires (NWs) with ultrahigh aspect ratio are good one-dimensional (1D) nano scaffolds for building functional aerogels. However, challenges still remain in exploring methods to prepare shape designable NW aerogels with high quality, and to reveal multi functions in a single NW aerogel monolith. Here, we report a general camphene freeze-drying method for preparation of various inorganic NW aerogels (e.g, Cu, hydroxylapatite, MnO₂ and MnOOH NW aerogels), 2D graphene oxide nanosheet aerogels, organic polymer aerogels of polystyrene (post-synthesis) and resin (in situ polymerization) aerogels, which can be freely shaped in the frozen monolith stage. The as prepared aerogels have even distributed porosity and smooth surface. Also camphene is cheap and can be effectively recycling collected for reuse. For the Cu NW aerogel with even porosity and low density of 20 mg cm⁻³, multifunctional pressure/gas/photo-sensing was demonstrated. A high pressure sensitivity of 1.7 kPa⁻¹ was achieved.

Graphic abstract

中文翻译：

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压力/气体/光敏多功能纳米线气凝胶的一般制备和成型

摘要

具有超高长宽比的纳米线（NW）是用于构建功能性气凝胶的良好一维（1D）纳米支架。然而，在探索制备高质量的形状可设计的NW气凝胶并在单个NW气凝胶整料中揭示多功能的方法上，仍然存在挑战。在这里，我们报告了一种用于制备各种无机NW气凝胶（例如，Cu，羟基磷灰石，MnO ₂的通用樟脑冷冻干燥方法）的方法。和MnOOH NW气凝胶），二维氧化石墨烯纳米片气凝胶，聚苯乙烯（合成后）和树脂（原位聚合）气凝胶的有机聚合物气凝胶，它们可以在冷冻的整体阶段中自由成形。所制备的气凝胶具有均匀的孔隙率分布和光滑的表面。camp烯也很便宜，可以有效地回收再利用。对于具有均匀孔隙率且低密度为20 mg cm ^-3的Cu NW气凝胶，证明了多功能压力/气体/光敏性。获得了1.7 kPa ^-1的高压灵敏度。

图形摘要