We discuss the baric and temperature dependences of the effective thermal conductivity of rocks (including sandstones) naturally occurring in the earth’s crust. We present the results of our experimental studies of the effective thermal conductivity of natural sandstone under hydrostatic pressure (up to 400 MPa) in the temperature range (273–523 K), performed by the absolute steady-state method of parallel plates with an uncertainty of 3–4% and summarize numerous our previous results as well as results by the authors. We have analyzed the general regularities of the thermal conductivity temperature dependence for crystalline and amorphous dielectrics and rocks and compared them with the data of other authors. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity is derived to be described by the power law, where the degree ranges from − 0.5 to + 0.5 and it can be used as an indicator of orderliness. The experimental data show that the pressure affects the nature of the temperature dependence. The heat transfer in dielectrics and rocks is revealed to occur due to increment of the maximum frequency of atomic acoustic vibrations and the associated Debye temperature. Based on the Landau and Lifshitz theories, we also discuss the possibility of reversible second-order phase transitions. In brittle and blocky crystalline solids this effect is more pronounced because they acquire a new quality—plasticity, whereas in plastic dielectrics and rocks only insignificant quantitative change is observed. The rocks without irreversible structural changes restore the original volume when decreasing the pressure. The results contribute to theoretical models describing heat transfer in complex disordered structures which is important for solving a number of tasks in Earth sciences.

我们讨论了天然存在于地壳中的岩石（包括砂岩）的有效热导率的压力和温度依赖性。我们介绍了我们的实验研究的结果，该实验研究了在恒定压力下（273-523 K）在静水压力（最高400 MPa）下的天然砂岩的有效导热率，该方法采用具有不确定性的平行板绝对稳态方法进行占3–4％，并总结了我们之前的许多结果以及作者的结果。我们分析了晶体和非晶态电介质与岩石的热导率温度依赖性的一般规律，并将其与其他作者的数据进行了比较。热导率的温度依赖性由幂定律描述，其度数范围为-0.5到+ 0。5，可以用作井井有条的指标。实验数据表明，压力影响温度依赖性的性质。据显示，由于原子声振动的最大频率和相关的德拜温度的增加，导致发生了电介质和岩石中的热传递。基于Landau和Lifshitz理论，我们还讨论了可逆二阶相变的可能性。在脆性和块状结晶固体中，此效果更为明显，因为它们获得了新的质量-可塑性，而在塑料电介质和岩石中，仅观察到了微不足道的定量变化。没有不可逆结构变化的岩石在降低压力时会恢复原始体积。