Apples are highly appreciated in terms of flavor, nutritional and health-promoting compounds and are associated with a reduced risk to develop age-related and chronic diseases. In this study, 155 accessions of Malus x domestica Borkh from the apple germplasm collection, located at the Experimental Station of Aula Dei in NE Spain, were analyzed during five consecutive years (2014–2018). Basic fruit quality traits including soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and the ratio SSC/TA (ripening index - RI) were obtained. In addition, biochemical compounds such as total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), vitamin C (Ascorbic acid - AsA) and relative antioxidant capacity (RAC) were determined. Statistical analysis was used to determine differences in trait values among accessions and years. The well adapted local accessions showed, in general, higher average content of antioxidants and RAC compared with the foreign and commercial ones. A multivariate model was fitted with the accessions and climate features of each year as independent variables. A cluster analysis was then performed on the model coefficients space to classify the 155 accessions within five groups. The cluster analysis showed that foreign cultivars (those not originating from Spain) were concentrated in two groups while local accessions could not be segregated and had very different profiles. Furthermore, they increased the concentration of bioactive compounds tended to decrease with higher temperatures, while increased with higher solar radiation. Statistical analyses emphasized differences between groups and highlighted accessions and climate as main factors affecting metabolite profiles and fruit characteristics.

苹果在风味，营养和促进健康的化合物方面受到高度赞赏，并且与罹患与年龄有关的慢性疾病的风险降低有关。在这项研究中，有155种苹果属（malus x domestica）连续五年（2014-2018年）对位于西班牙东北部奥拉德伊实验站的苹果种质资源库的Borkh进行了分析。获得了基本的水果品质特征，包括可溶性固形物含量（SSC），可滴定酸度（TA）和SSC / TA比（成熟指数-RI）。此外，还测定了生化化合物，例如总酚含量（TPC），类黄酮（TFC），维生素C（抗坏血酸-AsA）和相对抗氧化能力（RAC）。使用统计分析来确定种质和年份之间性状值的差异。一般而言，适应性强的本地种质显示出，与国外和商业上相比，抗氧化剂和RAC的平均含量更高。多元模型拟合了每年的种质和气候特征作为自变量。然后对模型系数空间进行聚类分析，以将五种组中的155种材料分类。聚类分析表明，外来品种（非西班牙产）集中在两组中，而本地种质则不能分开，并且具有非常不同的特征。此外，它们增加了生物活性化合物的浓度，随着温度的升高趋于降低，而随着太阳辐射的升高而升高。统计分析强调了群体之间的差异，并强调了种质和气候是影响代谢物谱和果实特性的主要因素。聚类分析表明，外来品种（非西班牙产）集中在两个组中，而本地种质不能分开，并且具有非常不同的特征。此外，它们增加了生物活性化合物的浓度，随着温度的升高趋于降低，而随着太阳辐射的升高而升高。统计分析强调了群体之间的差异，并强调了种质和气候是影响代谢物谱和果实特性的主要因素。聚类分析表明，外来品种（非西班牙产）集中在两组中，而本地种质则不能分开，并且具有非常不同的特征。此外，它们增加了生物活性化合物的浓度，随着温度的升高趋于降低，而随着太阳辐射的升高而升高。统计分析强调了群体之间的差异，并强调了种质和气候是影响代谢物谱和果实特性的主要因素。