ABSTRACT

Neoliberalism exercises its art of government on forms of life by turning human potentiality into adaptability. According to one of its most influential thinkers, Friedrich von Hayek, the market’s spontaneous order requires the constant adaptation of individuals to circumstances that no one can be aware of and that no one can master. To achieve this, the human-animal’s anthropological plasticity must be reduced to mere flexibility vis-à-vis market conditions. However, this adaptability – which could correspond to a specific negative philosophical anthropology – is the reverse side of the ‘potentiality as such’ theorised – albeit in different ways – by authors of Italian Theory like Agamben, Negri, Virno, and Esposito. This article aims to cast into relief the conditions needed to prevent such conversion of potentiality into adaptability.

摘要

新自由主义通过将人的潜能转变为适应能力，在生活形式上行使其政府艺术。根据其最有影响力的思想家之一弗里德里希·冯·海耶克（Friedrich von Hayek）的观点，市场的自发秩序要求个人不断适应无人知晓和无人掌握的情况。为此，必须将人类动物的人类学可塑性降低为仅具有针对市场条件的灵活性。但是，这种适应性（可能与特定的消极哲学人类学相对应）是“潜力理论”的反面，尽管这种理论是由阿甘本，内格里，维尔诺和埃斯波西托等意大利理论的作者以不同的方式提出的。本文旨在减轻防止将潜力转换为适应性所需的条件。