Vegetation restoration is an important way to improve the sustainability of the ecosystem in the hilly Loess Plateau. The variation of vegetation coverage, caused by the combined effects of meteorological factors and human activities, reflects the succession trend of regional ecosystems. Given the complexity and the diversity of landform in the hilly Loess Plateau, vegetation restoration is more affected by topographic factors. Nevertheless, few studies have considered the characteristics and trends of vegetation restoration under different micro-topographic types in the long-time series. From the perspective of ecological resilience based on the fractional vegetation cover (FVC), the trend, the hurst exponent, and the geographical spatial research were used to analyze the variation and future sustainability of vegetation restoration on different micro-topographic types for 20 years. Besides, the spatial autocorrelation, principal component analysis (PCA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were applied to identify the driving factors of vegetation restoration. The results showed: (1) the average of the overall regional vegetation coverage was 61.32%, and only 0.95% of the regional vegetation was degraded in the past 20 years. However, in the future, 69.87% of the area would be degraded from improvement, and 0.52% would be significantly decreased; (2) the vegetation coverage in descending order was as follows: ridge area with shady and steep slope, gully area with shady and steep slope, ridge area with sunny and steep slope, gully area with sunny and steep slope, gully area with shady and gentle slope, ridge area with shady and gentle slope, ridge area with sunny and gentle slope, gully area with sunny and gentle slope, valley area; (3) the difference of vegetation degradation among micro-topography was remarkable, and the valley area and gully area with sunny and steep slope have the greatest decrease; (4) the primary factors affecting vegetation restoration in the hilly Loess Plateau were temperature, moisture, soil quality, and social economical condition, and the dominant factors were various under different micro-topographic types and villages. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust ecological engineering measures by comprehensively considering the regional differences among dominant factors of vegetation restoration.

植被恢复是提高黄土高原丘陵区生态系统可持续性的重要途径。气象因素和人类活动共同作用造成的植被覆盖度变化反映了区域生态系统的演替趋势。考虑到黄土高原丘陵地带的复杂性和地貌多样性，植被恢复受地形因素的影响更大。然而，很少有研究考虑长期序列中不同微地形类型下植被恢复的特征和趋势。从基于分数植被覆盖度（FVC）的生态恢复力的角度来看，趋势，急速指数，通过地理空间研究，分析了20年来不同微地形类型植被恢复的变化和未来的可持续性。此外，应用空间自相关，主成分分析（PCA）和地理加权回归（GWR）来识别植被恢复的驱动因素。结果表明：（1）近20年平均区域植被覆盖率平均为61.32％，仅0.95％的区域植被退化。但是，将来，该地区的69.87％的土地因改善而退化，而0.52％的土地将显着下降。（2）植被覆盖度降序为：山脊区有阴险陡坡，沟壑区有阴险陡坡，山脊区有晴天陡坡。坡度高，坡度低的沟壑区，坡度低，坡度低的沟壑区，坡度高，坡度低的山脊区，坡度高，坡度大的山脊区，坡度高，坡度小的沟谷区，谷地。（3）微观地形之间的植被退化差异明显，坡度高，坡度高的谷地和沟壑区减少幅度最大；（4）影响黄土高原丘陵区植被恢复的主要因素是温度，水分，土壤质量和社会经济状况，其主导因素在不同的微地形类型和村庄下各不相同。因此，有必要综合考虑植被恢复主因子之间的区域差异来调整生态工程措施。阴暗平缓的沟壑区，阴暗平缓的垄沟区，晴天平缓的垄沟区，晴天平缓的沟壑区，谷地；（3）微观地形之间的植被退化差异明显，坡度高，坡度高的谷地和沟壑区减少幅度最大；（4）影响黄土高原丘陵区植被恢复的主要因素是温度，水分，土壤质量和社会经济状况，其主导因素在不同的微地形类型和村庄下各不相同。因此，有必要综合考虑植被恢复主因子之间的区域差异来调整生态工程措施。阴暗平缓的沟壑区，阴暗平缓的垄沟区，晴天平缓的垄沟区，晴天平缓的沟壑区，谷地；（3）微观地形之间的植被退化差异明显，坡度高，坡度高的谷地和沟壑区减少幅度最大；（4）影响黄土高原丘陵区植被恢复的主要因素是温度，水分，土壤质量和社会经济状况，其主导因素在不同的微地形类型和村庄下各不相同。因此，有必要综合考虑植被恢复主因子之间的区域差异来调整生态工程措施。山脊区坡度平缓，沟壑区坡度平缓，谷地；（3）微观地形之间的植被退化差异明显，坡度高，坡度高的谷地和沟壑区减少幅度最大；（4）影响黄土高原丘陵区植被恢复的主要因素是温度，水分，土壤质量和社会经济状况，其主导因素在不同的微地形类型和村庄下各不相同。因此，有必要综合考虑植被恢复主因子之间的区域差异来调整生态工程措施。山脊区坡度平缓，沟壑区坡度平缓，谷地；（3）微观地形之间的植被退化差异明显，坡度高，坡度高的谷地和沟壑区减少幅度最大；（4）影响黄土高原丘陵区植被恢复的主要因素是温度，水分，土壤质量和社会经济状况，其主导因素在不同的微地形类型和村庄下各不相同。因此，有必要综合考虑植被恢复主因子之间的区域差异来调整生态工程措施。坡度高，坡度高的谷地，沟壑区减少幅度最大。（4）影响黄土高原丘陵区植被恢复的主要因素是温度，水分，土壤质量和社会经济状况，其主导因素在不同的微地形类型和村庄下各不相同。因此，有必要综合考虑植被恢复主因子之间的区域差异来调整生态工程措施。坡度高，坡度高的谷地，沟壑区减少幅度最大。（4）影响黄土高原丘陵区植被恢复的主要因素是温度，水分，土壤质量和社会经济状况，其主导因素在不同的微地形类型和村庄下各不相同。因此，有必要综合考虑植被恢复主因子之间的区域差异来调整生态工程措施。