ABSTRACT

This study explores how a high-reliability team (HRT) employed an informal communication norm to facilitate access to members’ distributed expertise during forecast decisions, despite time pressures. The communication norm was documented during observations of U.S. National Weather Service (NWS) forecast team members’ naturalistic decision making (NDM) regarding forecasts. We labeled the norm, floating. Although NWS members did not have an explicit term for their communication norm, follow-up interviews revealed they readily confirmed its existence and expressed an expectation that other members would engage in floating during collective forecast decision making. Additionally, analysis of interview data suggested floating facilitated team cognition and helped enact reluctance to simplify, sensitivity to operations, and deference to expertise. Implications for high-reliability team and organization (HRT&O) theory, naturalistic decision making, expertise, and team cognition conclude the paper.

摘要

本研究探讨了高可靠性团队 (HRT) 如何在预测决策期间采用非正式沟通规范来促进成员在时间压力下获得分布式专业知识。在观察美国国家气象局 (NWS) 预报团队成员关于预报的自然决策 (NDM) 期间记录了通信规范。我们标记了规范，浮动. 尽管 NWS 成员没有明确的通信规范术语，但后续采访显示，他们欣然证实了它的存在，并表示希望其他成员在集体预报决策过程中参与浮动。此外，对访谈数据的分析表明，浮动有助于团队认知，并有助于形成不愿简化、对操作敏感和对专业知识的尊重。本文总结了对高可靠性团队和组织 (HRT&O) 理论、自然主义决策、专业知识和团队认知的影响。