Particularly in the social sciences, scientific debates can be understood as a special expression of academic discourse and ideally support the progress of knowledge within a discipline. Very often, there are competing academic schools with greatly differing theoretical foundations, like we have seen, for example, in social sciences especially by the “Methodenstreit” in economics, or the “Positivismusstreit” in Sociology. This paper aims to introduce a new approach to study academic schools and would like to contribute to the literature on the economics of science. To this end, the paper uses the economic theory of religion in general and the economics of sects in particular by transferring the approach to academic schools for the first time. Our results can help to extend the understanding of scientifical decision-making and to explain the membership to an academic school. Although, the model is presented in relationship to social sciences in general and economics in particular, the basic model of academic schools is generally transferable.

JEL Classification: A12, B13, B21, B40, B53, Z12

特别是在社会科学中，科学辩论可以被理解为学术话语的一种特殊表达，并且理想地支持学科内知识的进步。通常，有一些竞争性的学术学校具有截然不同的理论基础，例如我们在社会科学中所看到的，尤其是经济学中的“方法论”或社会学中的“论据”。本文旨在介绍一种研究学术流派的新方法，并希望为有关科学经济学的文献做出贡献。为此，本文首次使用宗教的经济学理论，特别是宗派的经济学，这是第一次将其转移到学术流派。我们的结果可以帮助扩展对科学决策的理解，并向一所学术学校解释其成员资格。尽管该模型是与社会科学（特别是经济学）相关的，但一般而言，学术学校的基本模型是可以转移的。

JEL分类：A12，B13，B21，B40，B53，Z12