Purpose

In this article, the ideas and methods behind the “patent-paper citation” are scrutinised by following the intellectual and technical development of approaches and ideas in early work on patentometrics. The aim is to study how references from patents to papers came to play a crucial role in establishing a link between science and technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The study comprises a conceptual history of the “patent paper citation” and its emergence as an important indicator of science and technology interaction. By tracing key references in the field, it analyses the overarching frameworks and ideas, the conceptual “hinterland”, in which the approach of studying patent references emerged.

Findings

The analysis explains how interest in patents – not only as legal and economic artefacts but also as scientific documents – became evident in the 1980s. The focus on patent citations was sparked by a need for relevant and objective indicators and by the greater availability of databases and methods. Yet, the development of patentometrics also relied on earlier research, and established theories, on the relation between science and technology.

Originality/value

This is the first attempt at situating patentometrics in a larger societal and scientific context. The paper offers a reflexive and nuanced analysis of the “patent-paper citation” as a theoretical and historical construct, and it calls for a broader and contextualised understanding of patent references, including their social, legal and rhetorical function.

中文翻译：

---

将科学与技术联系起来：“专利论文引用”和 1980 年代专利计量学的兴起

目的

在本文中，通过跟踪专利计量学早期工作中方法和思想的知识和技术发展，仔细审查了“专利论文引用”背后的思想和方法。目的是研究从专利到论文的参考如何在建立科学与技术之间的联系方面发挥关键作用。

设计/方法/方法

该研究包括“专利论文引用”的概念历史及其作为科技互动重要指标的出现。通过追踪该领域的关键参考文献，它分析了总体框架和思想，即研究专利参考文献方法的概念“腹地”。

发现

该分析解释了对专利的兴趣——不仅是作为法律和经济产物，而且是作为科学文件——在 1980 年代变得明显。对相关和客观指标的需求以及数据库和方法的更多可用性引发了对专利引用的关注。然而，专利计量学的发展也依赖于早期关于科学与技术之间关系的研究和既定理论。

原创性/价值

这是将专利计量学置于更大的社会和科学背景中的第一次尝试。该论文对作为理论和历史结构的“专利论文引用”进行了反思和细致入微的分析，并呼吁对专利参考文献进行更广泛和情境化的理解，包括它们的社会、法律和修辞功能。