Advanced glycation end products measured by skin autofluorescence are associated with melancholic depressive symptoms – Findings from Helsinki birth cohort study,Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Advanced glycation end products measured by skin autofluorescence are associated with melancholic depressive symptoms – Findings from Helsinki birth cohort study
Journal of Psychosomatic Research ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-10 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110488
Mia D Eriksson ₁ , Johan G Eriksson ₂ , Hannu Kautiainen ₃ , Minna K Salonen ₄ , Tuija M Mikkola ₅ , Eero Kajantie ₆ , Niko Wasenius ₇ , Mikaela von Bonsdorff ₈ , Merja K Laine ₇

Affiliation

Primary Health Care Unit, Helsinki University Hospital (HUS), Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.

Background

Millions of people live with depression and its burden of disease. Depression has an increased comorbidity and mortality that has remained unexplained. Studies have reported connections between advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and various disease processes, including mental health. The present study evaluated associations between AGEs, depressive symptoms, and types of depressive symptoms.

Methods

From the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, 815 participants with a mean age of 76 years were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Characteristics regarding self-reported lifestyle and medical history, as well as blood tests were obtained along with responses regarding depressive symptoms according to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Mental Health Inventory-5. Each participant had their AGE level measured non-invasively with skin autofluorescence (SAF). Statistical analyses looked at relationships between types of depressive symptoms and AGE levels by sex.

Results

Of women, 27% scored ≥10 on the BDI and 18% of men, respectively. Men had higher crude AGE levels (mean [standard deviation], arbitrary units) (2.49 [0.51]) compared to women (2.33 [0.46]) (p < 0.001). The highest crude AGE levels were found in those with melancholic depressive symptoms (2.61 [0.57]), followed by those with non-melancholic depressive symptoms (2.45 [0.45]) and those with no depressive symptoms (2.38 [0.49]) (p = 0.013). These findings remained significant in the fully adjusted model.

Conclusions

The current study shows an association between depressive symptoms and higher AGE levels. The association is likely part of a multi-factorial effect, and hence no directionality, causality, or effect can be inferred solely based on the results of this study.

中文翻译：

通过皮肤自发荧光测量的晚期糖基化终产物与忧郁抑郁症状有关——赫尔辛基出生队列研究的结果

背景

数百万人患有抑郁症及其疾病负担。抑郁症的合并症和死亡率增加，但仍无法解释。研究报告了晚期糖基化终产物 (AGE) 与各种疾病过程（包括心理健康）之间的联系。本研究评估了 AGEs、抑郁症状和抑郁症状类型之间的关联。

方法

在赫尔辛基出生队列研究中，这项横断面研究招募了 815 名平均年龄为 76 岁的参与者。根据贝克抑郁量表 (BDI) 和心理健康量表-5，获得了关于自我报告的生活方式和病史的特征，以及血液检查以及对抑郁症状的反应。每个参与者都用皮肤自发荧光 (SAF) 非侵入性地测量了他们的 AGE 水平。统计分析按性别研究了抑郁症状类型与 AGE 水平之间的关系。

结果

在女性中，BDI 得分≥10 的比例分别为 27% 和男性的 18%。与女性 (2.33 [0.46]) (p < 0.001) 相比，男性的粗 AGE 水平（平均值 [标准差]，任意单位）（2.49 [0.51]）更高。有忧郁抑郁症状的人的粗 AGE 水平最高 (2.61 [0.57])，其次是有非忧郁抑郁症状的人 (2.45 [0.45]) 和没有抑郁症状的人 (2.38 [0.49]) (p = 0.013）。这些发现在完全调整后的模型中仍然很重要。