ABSTRACT

Before the First World War, Carlisle, a city of 50,000 people, had a rich and varied social culture of public houses. War-time concerns, expecially relating to a large munitions factory at Gretna, prompted the creation of the Carlisle Experiment (later known as The State Management Scheme) which became an attempt, through government ownership and control of the breweries and public houses and through government-directed social engineering, including innovative pub-architecture and design, to change the drinking culture of the area. This paper contrasts, with detailed examples of architecture and design, the different drinking cultures in the city before and after the introduction of the Scheme.

摘要

第一次世界大战之前，拥有5万人口的卡莱尔（Carlisle）拥有丰富多样的公共建筑社会文化。战争时的担忧，特别是与格雷特纳的一家大型弹药厂有关，促使建立了卡莱尔实验（后来称为国家管理计划），该尝试是通过政府所有权，对啤酒厂和酒馆的控制以及政府的努力而进行的。指导社会工程，包括创新的酒吧建筑和设计，以改变该地区的饮酒文化。本文通过详细的建筑和设计实例，对比了该计划实施前后的城市不同饮酒文化。