Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder associated with obstetrical complications, thrombotic complications involving both arteries and veins, and non-thrombotic manifestations affecting multiple other systems presenting in various clinical forms. Diagnosis requires the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The exact pathogenesis of APS is not fully known. However, it has recently been shown that activation of different types of cells by antiphospholipid antibodies plays an important role in thrombosis formation. Ocular involvement is one of the important clinical manifestations of APS and can vary in presentations. Therefore, as an ophthalmologist, it is crucial to be familiar with the ocular findings of APS to prevent further complications that can develop. Furthermore, the ongoing identification of new and specific factors contributing to the pathogenesis of APS may provide new therapeutic options in the management of the disease in the future.

中文翻译：

---

抗磷脂综合征和眼部表现的诊断和治疗的最新概念

抗磷脂综合症（APS）是与产科并发症，涉及动脉和静脉的血栓性并发症以及影响多种临床形式的多种其他系统的非血栓性疾病相关的自身免疫疾病。诊断需要存在抗磷脂抗体。APS的确切发病机理尚不完全清楚。然而，最近显示抗磷脂抗体对不同类型细胞的激活在血栓形成中起重要作用。眼部受累是APS的重要临床表现之一，表现可能有所不同。因此，作为眼科医生，至关重要的是要熟悉APS的眼部检查结果，以防止可能发生的进一步并发症。此外，