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A single G10T polymorphism in HIV-1 subtype C Gag-SP1 regulates sensitivity to maturation inhibitors
Retrovirology ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-09 , DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00553-5
Dibya Ghimire 1 , Yuvraj Kc 1 , Uddhav Timilsina 1, 2 , Kriti Goel 1 , T J Nitz 3 , Carl T Wild 3 , Ritu Gaur 1
Affiliation  

Maturation inhibitors (MIs) potently block HIV-1 maturation by inhibiting the cleavage of the capsid protein and spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1). Bevirimat (BVM), a highly efficacious first-in-class MI against HIV-1 subtype B isolates, elicited sub-optimal efficacy in clinical trials due to polymorphisms in the CA-SP1 region of the Gag protein (SP1:V7A). HIV-1 subtype C inherently contains this polymorphism thus conferring BVM resistance, however it displayed sensitivity to second generation BVM analogs. In this study, we have assessed the efficacy of three novel second-generation MIs (BVM analogs: CV-8611, CV-8612, CV-8613) against HIV-1 subtype B and C isolates. The BVM analogs were potent inhibitors of both HIV-1 subtype B (NL4-3) and subtype C (K3016) viruses. Serial passaging of the subtype C, K3016 virus strain in the presence of BVM analogs led to identification of two mutant viruses—Gag SP1:A1V and CA:I201V. While the SP1:A1V mutant was resistant to the MIs, the CA:I120V mutant displayed partial resistance and a MI-dependent phenotype. Further analysis of the activity of the BVM analogs against two additional HIV-1 subtype C strains, IndieC1 and ZM247 revealed that they had reduced sensitivity as compared to K3016. Sequence analysis of the three viruses identified two polymorphisms at SP1 residues 9 and 10 (K3016: N9, G10; IndieC1/ZM247: S9, T10). The N9S and S9N mutants had no change in MI-sensitivity. On the other hand, replacing glycine at residue 10 with threonine in K3016 reduced its MI sensitivity whereas introducing glycine at SP1 10 in place of threonine in IndieC1 and ZM247 significantly enhanced their MI sensitivity. Thus, the specific glycine residue 10 of SP1 in the HIV-1 subtype C viruses determined sensitivity towards BVM analogs. We have identified an association of a specific glycine at position 10 of Gag-SP1 with an MI susceptible phenotype of HIV-1 subtype C viruses. Our findings have highlighted that HIV-1 subtype C viruses, which were inherently resistant to BVM, may also be similarly predisposed to exhibit a significant degree of resistance to second-generation BVM analogs. Our work has strongly suggested that genetic differences between HIV-1 subtypes may produce variable MI sensitivity that needs to be considered in the development of novel, potent, broadly-active MIs.

中文翻译:

HIV-1 C 亚型 Gag-SP1 中的单个 G10T 多态性调节对成熟抑制剂的敏感性

成熟抑制剂 (MI) 通过抑制衣壳蛋白和间隔肽 1 (CA-SP1) 的裂解有效地阻止 HIV-1 成熟。Bevirimat (BVM) 是一种针对 HIV-1 B 亚型分离株的高效一流 MI,由于 Gag 蛋白 (SP1:V7A) 的 CA-SP1 区域的多态性,在临床试验中引起次优疗效。HIV-1 C 亚型固有地包含这种多态性,从而赋予 BVM 抗性,但它对第二代 BVM 类似物表现出敏感性。在这项研究中,我们评估了三种新型第二代 MI(BVM 类似物:CV-8611、CV-8612、CV-8613)对 HIV-1 B 和 C 亚型分离株的功效。BVM 类似物是 HIV-1 B 亚型 (NL4-3) 和 C 亚型 (K3016) 病毒的有效抑制剂。C亚型的连续传代,存在 BVM 类似物的 K3016 病毒株导致鉴定出两种突变病毒——Gag SP1:A1V 和 CA:I201V。虽然 SP1:A1V 突变体对 MIs 具有抗性,但 CA:I120V 突变体显示出部分抗性和 MI 依赖性表型。对 BVM 类似物对另外两种 HIV-1 C 亚型毒株 IndieC1 和 ZM247 的活性的进一步分析表明,与 K3016 相比,它们的敏感性降低。三种病毒的序列分析在 SP1 残基 9 和 10 处鉴定出两种多态性(K3016:N9、G10;IndieC1/ZM247:S9、T10)。N9S 和 S9N 突变体的 MI 敏感性没有变化。另一方面,在 K3016 中用苏氨酸替换残基 10 处的甘氨酸降低了其 MI 敏感性,而在 SP1 10 处引入甘氨酸代替 IndieC1 和 ZM247 中的苏氨酸显着提高了它们的 MI 敏感性。因此,HIV-1 C 亚型病毒中 SP1 的特定甘氨酸残基 10 决定了对 BVM 类似物的敏感性。我们已经确定了 Gag-SP1 位置 10 处的特定甘氨酸与 HIV-1 C 亚型病毒的 MI 易感表型的关联。我们的研究结果强调,HIV-1 C 亚型病毒本身对 BVM 具有抗性,也可能类似地倾向于对第二代 BVM 类似物表现出显着程度的抗性。我们的工作强烈表明,HIV-1 亚型之间的遗传差异可能会产生可变的 MI 敏感性,这需要在开发新型、有效、广泛活跃的 MI 时加以考虑。我们已经确定了 Gag-SP1 位置 10 处的特定甘氨酸与 HIV-1 C 亚型病毒的 MI 易感表型的关联。我们的研究结果强调,HIV-1 C 亚型病毒本身对 BVM 具有抗性,也可能类似地倾向于对第二代 BVM 类似物表现出显着程度的抗性。我们的工作强烈表明,HIV-1 亚型之间的遗传差异可能会产生可变的 MI 敏感性,这需要在开发新型、有效、广泛活跃的 MI 时加以考虑。我们已经确定了 Gag-SP1 位置 10 处的特定甘氨酸与 HIV-1 C 亚型病毒的 MI 易感表型的关联。我们的研究结果强调,HIV-1 C 亚型病毒本身对 BVM 具有抗性,也可能类似地倾向于对第二代 BVM 类似物表现出显着程度的抗性。我们的工作强烈表明,HIV-1 亚型之间的遗传差异可能会产生可变的 MI 敏感性,这需要在开发新型、有效、广泛活跃的 MI 时加以考虑。
更新日期:2021-04-09
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