Coherent Doppler lidar (CDL) has been considered a powerful and reliable tool for horizontal wind shear monitoring since the 1990s. However, radial observations obtained by Doppler lidar are limited in determining sophisticated variations in horizontal wind field and thus the wind shear. In our work, this problem is solved by applying a statistical interpolation technique to a CDL system, which is implemented at Lanzhou Zhongchuan Airport (103°E, 36°03′N) since August 2019, for routine observation of the horizontal shear along the pathway of the aircraft. By means of that, the horizontal wind vectors are retrieved in real time and the wind shear is also obtained simultaneously. Compared with radial observations, the accuracy of real-time horizontal wind vectors is indicated with the root mean squared error of 0.504 m · s − 1. During the field campaign, a typical wind shear induced by wind gust is obtained by the CDL system, which moves from south to north with the maximum up to 9.6 m · s − 1 · km − 1. Also, five cases resulting in flights going around are described in detail and compared with the reports from the airport terminal control office. The results reveal that the CDL system is quite suitable for wind shear forewarning for demonstrating the time, position, and intensity of wind shear with acceptable accuracy.

中文翻译：

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基于相干多普勒激光雷达的统计插值技术用于实时水平风切变观测和预警

自1990年代以来，相干多普勒激光雷达（CDL）被认为是用于水平风切变监测的强大而可靠的工具。但是，由多普勒激光雷达获得的径向观测结果在确定水平风场以及风切变的复杂变化方面受到限制。在我们的工作中，通过将统计插值技术应用于CDL系统（自2019年8月起在兰州中川机场（103°E，36°03′N）实施）来解决该问题，以常规观测沿水平方向的水平剪切飞机的路径。借助于此，实时获取水平风向，并且同时获得风切变。与径向观测值相比，实时水平风向矢量的准确性以0.504 m·s − 1的均方根误差表示。在野战期间，由CDL系统获得了由阵风引起的典型风切变，它从南向北移动，最大速度高达9.6 m·s − 1·km −1。而且，有五起情况导致了飞行对其进行了详细描述，并与机场航站楼控制办公室的报告进行了比较。结果表明，CDL系统非常适合风切变预警，以可接受的精度显示风切变的时间，位置和强度。